Experimental research on mechanical, material, and metallurgical properties of Inconel 600: Application in elevated temperature environment

Abstract

Du to high strength and toughness, high oxidation resistance, and high ductility, the Inconel 600 alloy is an ideal choice for the components used in combined heat and power turbines. Therefore, in this paper, the authors conducted experimental tests to better underestand the mechanical behavior of superalloys Inconel 600. The experiments included tensile, fatigue, and creep tests. The material deformation and stress-strain behavior were measured. In addition the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity were captured. By illustrating the engineering and true stress-strain curves the Ramberg-Osgood relation were extracted. As a result of fatigue test, the relationship between strain amplitude and the number of cycles to failure for specimens were obtained. The creep tests were conducted at a constant temperature of 650℃. The strain-time data were collected, and the resulting creep strain-time curve were plotted for smooth samples under their respective stress conditions. REFERENCES G. Becerra, M.R.B. Alvarez, V.H.L Morelos, A. Ruiz. Creep behavior and microstructural characterization of Inconel-625/Inconel-600 welded joint. MRS Adv. 8, (2023) 1217–1223, https://doi.org/10.1557/s43580-023-00662-7. Baig, S.H.I. Jaffery, M.A. Khan, M. Alruqi, Statistical analysis of surface roughness, burr formation and tool wear in high speed micro milling of Inconel 600 alloy under cryogenic, wet and dry conditions. Micromachines 14(1) 2023, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010013. Nanaware, S. Pawar, M. Ramachandran. Mechanical characterization of nickel alloys on turbine blades. REST J.E.M.M., 1(1) (2015), 15–19. D. Kwon, D.K. Park, S.W. Woo, D.H. Yoon, I. Chung. A study on fretting fatigue life for the Inconel alloy 600 at high temperature. Nucl. Eng. Des. 240 (2010) 2521–2527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.05.013. Gajalappa, A. Krishnaiah, K.B. Kumar, Eswaranna, K.K. Saxena, P. Goyal. Flow behaviour kinetics of Inconel 600 superalloy under hot deformation using gleeble 3800. Mater. Today: Proc. 45 (2021) 5320–5322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.909. Y. Wu, P.H. Sun, F.J. Zhu, S.C. Wang, W.R. Wang, C.C. Wang, C.H. Chiu. Tensile flow behavior in Inconel 600 alloy sheet at elevated temperatures. Procedia Eng. 36 (2012) 114–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.03.018. Xu, S. Wang, X. Tang, Y. Li, J. Yang, J. Li, Y. Zhang. Corrosion mechanism of Inconel 600 in oxidizing supercritical aqueous systems containing multiple salts. Eng. Chem. Res. 58(51) (2019) 23046–23056. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04527. S. Al-Rubaie, L.B. Godefroid, J.A.M. Lopes. Statistical modeling of fatigue crack growth rate in Inconel alloy 600. Int. J. Fatigue 29 (2007) 931–940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2006.07.013. Y. Wu, F.J. Zhu, S.C. Wang, W.R. Wang, C.C. Wang, C.H. Chiu. Hot deformation characteristics and strain-dependent constitutive analysis of Inconel 600 superalloy. J. Mater. Sci. 47 (2012) 3971–3981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-012-6250-4. A. Khafri, N. Golarzi. Forming behavior and workability of Hastelloy X superalloy during hot deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 486 (2008) 641–647. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.059. T.W.K. Fahmi, K.R. Kashyzadeh, S. Ghorbani. A comprehensive review on mechanical failures cause vibration in the gas turbine of combined cycle power plants. Engineering Failure Analysis 134 (2022) 106094.‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106094. J. Li, K.L. Lin. Strengthening of Inconel 600 alloy with electric current stressing. MTLA 27 (2023) 101666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2022.101666. T. Kim, Y.S. Kim. The effect of the static load in the UNSM process on the corrosion properties of alloy 600. Materials 12 (2019) 3165. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193165. Kuzmanov, B. Borisov, I. Muhtarov. Tensile testing of Inconel 600 wire at high temperatures. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 878 (2020) 012057.https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/878/1/012057. V.C.S. Rao, A. Manoj, B.R. Swathi. Residual stress measurement of Inconel 600 on different welding techniques by using conventional and XRD methods. Mater. Today: Proc. 41 (2021) 1160–1163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.403. Reza Kashyzadeh, G.H. Farrahi, A. Ahmadi, M. Minaei, M. Ostad Rahimi, S. Barforoushan. Fatigue life analysis in the residual stress field due to resistance spot welding process considering different sheet thicknesses and dissimilar electrode geometries. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications. 237(1) (2023) 33-51. ‏ https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207221101069. A. Monteiro, S.L.V. Silva, L.V. Silva, A.H.P. Andrade, L.C.E. Silva. Characterization of nickel alloy 600 with ultra-fine structure processed by severe plastic deformation technique (SPD). J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng. 5 (2017) 33–44. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2017.54004. Yi, G.S. Was. Stress and temperature dependence of creep in alloy 600 in primary water. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 32, (2001) 2553–2560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-0045-6ю Karthik, S. Swaroop. Laser shock peening enhanced corrosion properties in a nickel based nconel 600 superalloy. J. Alloys Compd. 694 (2017) 1309–1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.093. Makuch, M. Kulka. Microstructural characterization and some mechanical properties of gas-borided Inconel 600-alloy. Appl. Surf. Sci., 314 (2014) 1007–1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.06.109. ASTM E8-04: Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM, https://doi.org/10.1520/E0008-04. ASTM E466-21: Standard Practice for Conducting Force Controlled Constant Amplitude Axial Fatigue Tests of Metallic Materials, ASTM, https://doi.org/10.1520/E0466-21. P. Skelton. H.J. Maier, H.J. Christ. The Bauschinger effect, Masing model and the Ramberg– Osgood relation for cyclic deformation in metals. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 238 (1997) 377–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00465-6. Niesłony, C. Dsoki, H. Kaufmann, P. Krug. New method for evaluation of the Manson–Coffin–Basquin and Ramberg– Osgood equations with respect to compatibility. Int. J. Fatigue 30 (2008) 1967–1977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2008.01.012. Weixing, X. Kaiquan, G. Yi. On the fatigue notch factor, Kf. Int. J. Fatigue 17(4) (1995) 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(95)93538-D. E. Dowling. Mechanical behavior of materials, engineering methods for deformation, fracture, and fatigue. fourth ed., Pearson, 2013. Zhang. C. Zhang, S. Mu, S. Wang, H. Li. Characterization of mechanical properties of in-service nickel-based alloy by continuous indentation. Structures 48 (2023) 1346–1355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.01.053.