Experimental Research on Hybrid Hardwood Glue-Laminated Beams

Šuhajdová, Eva; Schmid, Pavel; Novotný, Miloslav; Pěnčík, Jan; Šuhajda, Karel; Uhlík, Ondřej

doi:10.3390/buildings13041055

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The same result was achieved by Šuhajdová et al (2023) [41], who measured the modulus of elasticity of combined beech and poplar glulam glued with PUR glue. It is evident from their work that when poplar (strength class D18) is used in the central part of the beam and beech (D40) is used in the outer layers, the modulus of elasticity decreases by −0.8% compared to a homogeneous beech beam.…”

Section: Modulus Of Elasticity (Moe)supporting

confidence: 83%

Predicted and Experimental Bending Behaviour of Glulam Bonded by RPF Adhesive

Kytka,

Gašparík,

Sahula

et al. 2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, alder, spruce, and beech woods were used for homogeneous symmetric, inhomogeneous symmetric (combined) and inhomogeneous non-symmetric glued laminated timber (glulam) beams glued with resorcinol phenol formaldehyde (RPF) adhesive. The aim of this paper is to determine and compare the modulus of elasticity of glulam beams using three methods, i.e., analytical calculation, numerical model (FEM) and experimental testing. As an additional characteristic, the bending strength (MOR) of the beams was determined during experimental testing. Analytical calculation was used to calculate the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of glued laminated timber based on the knowledge of the modulus of elasticity of solid wood and to estimate the location of the neutral axis during bending. According to calculations, for symmetrical combinations, the deviation from the real neutral axis does not exceed 5%. In the case of the modulus of elasticity, the deviation is an average of 4.1% from that of the actual measured beams. The numerical model includes finite element modelling, where the deflection of the modelled beams can be calculated with a deviation of up to 10%. The last method was experimental testing of glued beams using four-point bending, in which, among homogeneous beams, beech glulam beams achieved the highest MOE and MOR, while alder glulam beams achieved the lowest. The combination of wood species resulted in an increase in both MOE and MOR compared to homogeneous spruce and alder beams.

show abstract

Section: Modulus Of Elasticity (Moe)supporting

confidence: 83%

Predicted and Experimental Bending Behaviour of Glulam Bonded by RPF Adhesive

Kytka,

Gašparík,

Sahula

et al. 2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…No delamination failure between beech and spruce wood lamellas was observed, indicating good bonding performance. The common occurrence of shear failure in hybrid glulam beams was also observed by Sciomenta [17] and Šuhajdová [18], where they combined beech wood with Corsican pine and beech wood with poplar, respectively. In these two studies and the one presented in this paper, the lamellas did not contain finger joints, which can represent a weak point, particularly in tension-loaded lamellas.…”

Section: Four-point Bending Testmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…In another study conducted by Šuhajdová et al [18], hybrid beams were produced by combining beech and poplar wood. The hybrid beams comprised 33.3% of beech wood in the cross-sectional height on both sides of the neutral axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While previous studies primarily focused on the mechanical performance of hybrid beams [10,17,18] or the bonding performance of only one single wood species [7,9,15,[19][20][21], this study combined beech and spruce wood to a hybrid beam to assesses its bonding performance. Emphasis was placed on investigating the effect of moisture fluctuation on the bond line and stress transfer between beech and spruce wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bonding Performance of Melamine–Urea–Formaldehyde and Polyurethane Adhesives for Laminated Hybrid Beams and Their Selected Mechanical Properties

Fašalek,

Straže,

Šega

et al. 2023

Buildings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Beech (Fagus Sylvatica L.) is a prevalent tree species in Slovenia and is suitable for manufacturing glulam beams. However, beech wood has certain limitations that can potentially be mitigated by combining it with Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) wood to create hybrid beams. This study aimed to determine the bonding performance of commonly used melamine–urea–formaldehyde and polyurethane adhesives for these hybrid beams. Moreover, how varying the proportion of beech wood in a hybrid beam affects its mechanical properties was examined. Shear and delamination tests (method B) were conducted, and EN 14080:2013 requirements were met in all cases. The four-point bending tests of the beams showed that hybrid beams containing 20% of beech wood in the cross-sectional height on each side of the neutral axis exhibited a similar modulus of elasticity values as pure beech beams, but their strength was not equally improved. Hybrid beams with 11% of beech wood did not show any improvement in bending stiffness or strength compared to pure spruce beams. It was noted that the presence of beech wood in a hybrid beam can influence its failure mode. Furthermore, analytical calculations showed that a symmetrical lay-up is preferable to an asymmetrical one to increase the effective modulus of elasticity.

show abstract

“…At present, many researchers have conducted experimental studies to investigate the engineering behaviors of glulam [2][3][4][5][6][7]. However, most of them considered that the glulam serves under static loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Glulam Beams Connected with Steel Splints and Bolts

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Glulam beams connected with steel splints and bolts (GBSBs) are subjected to cyclic reciprocating dynamic loads in practice, which eventually leads to damage accumulation and structure failure. In order to promote the development of GBSBs, an experimental study was carried out, and theoretical analysis of the fatigue behavior of GBSBs was conducted. Three static load test beams and six fatigue test beams were designed and fabricated, taking into account the different stress levels and fatigue limit loads. Theoretical analysis of the data, linear regression analysis, and electron microscopy analysis of the material were carried out. The test results show that the GBSBs have good fatigue properties and that fatigue damage mainly occurs near the loading point. As the number of load cycles increases, the mid-span deflection and strain of the beam increase by a significant amount, and linear degradation of the stiffness occurs. In addition, a linear regression analysis of the amplitude of the fatigue load and the fatigue life was carried out, resulting in a fatigue limit load of 0.5435 Fu.

show abstract

Experimental Research on Hybrid Hardwood Glue-Laminated Beams

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Predicted and Experimental Bending Behaviour of Glulam Bonded by RPF Adhesive

Predicted and Experimental Bending Behaviour of Glulam Bonded by RPF Adhesive

Bonding Performance of Melamine–Urea–Formaldehyde and Polyurethane Adhesives for Laminated Hybrid Beams and Their Selected Mechanical Properties

Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Glulam Beams Connected with Steel Splints and Bolts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About