Experimental research of high strength thermally stable organic composite polymer gel

Lashari, Zeeshan Ali; Yang, Hongbin; Zhu, Zhou; Tang, Xuechen; Cao, Changxiao; Iqbal, Muhammad Waseem; Kang, Wanli

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.146

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…89 As the temperature increased, the opportunity for effective collision between amide groups of polymers and resorcinol-HMTA molecules increased. 89,91,96 Same results have been obtained for the experiment of viscosity evolution of PAM/PEI system. 63 It can be concluded that higher temperatures can increase the hydrolysis degree of polymer, thus accelerates cross-linking.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 59%

“…For example, the condensation reaction of phenol‐formaldehyde is accelerated in higher temperature . As the temperature increased, the opportunity for effective collision between amide groups of polymers and resorcinol‐HMTA molecules increased . Same results have been obtained for the experiment of viscosity evolution of PAM/PEI system .…”

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 68%

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In situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel for high‐temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

Amir

Said

Jan

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polymer gel has been established as water‐blocking agents in oil recovery application. In this practice, a mixture known as gelant is injected into target area and set into a semisolid gel after a certain adequate time. Besides profile modification and water shutoff, the role of the polymer gel in conformance control is to block high permeability regions, before diverting injected water from high permeability to low permeability zones of the reservoir. It is to boost the oil displacement and sweep efficiency. This is the key to improve oil recovery in the heterogeneous oil reservoirs. However, very limited gels are applicable for harsh conditions, especially in high‐temperature reservoirs. Organically cross‐linked polymer is 1 of the materials for conformance control at high‐temperature reservoirs. Many experimental works and field applications have exhibited the potential of this technology. This paper presents a concise review on this polymer gel for conformance control at high‐temperature wells. Firstly, in situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel has been introduced, and the reason of the use over other types of polymer gels is summarized. The early studies of organically cross‐linked gel systems are also discussed, followed by the chemistry and the gelation mechanisms. An extensive review on factors that affect gelation kinetics and field applications is also discussed in some detail.

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Section: Effect Of Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Factors That Affect Gelation Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 68%

In situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel for high‐temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

Amir

Said

Jan

2018

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…The bottle test method is an experimental technique which provides a semi-quantitative measurement to study gelation kinetics without applying stress or shear. The Sydansk's method [22,23,[31][32][33] employed offers insight into gelation time and strength, thermal stability and syneresis time using an alphabetical code to describe the behaviour of the gels upon bottle inversion ( Table 2). In these experiments, 1 g of the polymer samples was added to 100 mL of deionised water in a thermally resistant sealed glass bottle at 90 °C.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Gelation Strength (Bottle Test Method)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling performance of sodium polyacrylate and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) potassium salt

et al. 2019

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The application of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels in the oil and gas industry for reservoir and well management is gaining more traction. In this study, the swelling performance and adsorption kinetics of two commercial superabsorbent polymer hydrogels-poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) potassium salt and sodium polyacrylate-were evaluated based upon their stimuli response to pH and salinity at varying temperature and reaction time periods. Characterisation and evaluation of the materials were performed using analytical techniques-optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and the gravimetric method. Experimental results show that reaction conditions strongly influence the swelling performance of the superabsorbent polymer hydrogels considered in this study. Generally, increasing pH and salinity concentration led to a significant decline in the swelling performance of both superabsorbent polymer hydrogels. An optimal temperature range between 50 and 75 °C was considered appropriate based on swell tests performed between 25 c to 100 °C over 2-, 4-and 6-h time periods. These findings serve as a guideline for field engineers in the use of superabsorbent polymer hydrogels for a wide range of oilfield applications. The study results provide evidence that the two superabsorbent polymer hydrogels can be used for petroleum fraction-saline water emulsions separation, reservoir zonal isolation, water shutoff and cement plugging applications.

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“…To better exploit the potential of residual oil in low-permeable layers, researchers have developed various deep profile control techniques, such as colloidal dispersion gels (CDGs), preformed particle gels (PPGs), polymer microspheres, and inorganic gel coatings. [14][15][16][17][18][19] CDGs are a gel system that relies on intramolecular crosslinking between a polymer and crosslinking agent. 20 With the delayed crosslinking technique, CDGs can selectively enter high-permeability layers and thus effectively ease interlayer cross-flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Moreover, abundant injection water and formation water are ineffectively produced, which increases energy consumption during production, pipeline corrosion, and sewage treatment costs and causes environmental pollution. [14][15][16][17][18][19] CDGs are a gel system that relies on intramolecular crosslinking between a polymer and crosslinking agent. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, as the reservoir structure becomes increasingly complex after entering the high-or ultrahigh-water-cut stage, the existing general profile control technology hardly meets the actual needs of reservoirs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration characteristics and deep profile control mechanism of polymer microspheres in porous media

Niu

2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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The performance and migration characteristics of polymer microspheres in porous media and the mechanism of deep profile control for oil displacement were studied by theoretical analysis, instrument detection, and physical simulation to further improve oil recovery. Polymer microspheres were expansive in water and nonexpansive in oil. The polymer microspheres with short expansion times possessed excellent mechanical shear resistance. According to the matching factor (Ra), resistance factor, and residual resistance factor, the migration of polymer microspheres in porous media was divided into four periods: transportation (Ra > 2.41), bridging plugging (1 < Ra < 2.41), elastic plugging (Ra < 1), and fatigue (microsphere breakage). The resistance factor and residual resistance factor of the polymer microspheres during the bridging and elastic plugging periods were larger than those during other periods. The deep oil displacement profile can be controlled by adjusting the occurrence positions (distance from the injection end) of these two periods. Increasing the injection rate during the transportation and bridging plugging periods and decreasing the injection rate during the elastic plugging period made elastic plugging occur farther from the injection end while maintaining the resistance factor and residual resistance factor at high levels. Aimed at the remaining oil accumulation area, the optimal profile control depth of oil displacement (distance from the injection end) of polymer microspheres in porous media can be regulated by changing the injection rate to enhance oil recovery. The simultaneous migration and expansion of polymer microspheres is the main mechanism of microsphere fluid diversion in porous media.

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Experimental research of high strength thermally stable organic composite polymer gel

Cited by 67 publications

References 33 publications

In situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel for high‐temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

In situ organically cross‐linked polymer gel for high‐temperature reservoir conformance control: A review

Swelling performance of sodium polyacrylate and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) potassium salt

Migration characteristics and deep profile control mechanism of polymer microspheres in porous media

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