“…Since it was first proposed by Ciucci et al [6] in 1999, CF-LIBS had been widely used for numerous samples and different research fields by many researchers. For example, alloys [7][8][9][10][11][12], stainless steel [13,14], slag [15,16], soil [17], rock [18,19], coal [20], and the like. Even CF-LIBS has many advantages in situ and on-line analysis, its quantitative calculation results have not reached the expected precision of other elemental quantitative analysis techniques and LIBS calibration curve method.…”