Experimental research into microgroove stamping by laser-induced cavitation

Wang, Liangliang; Guo, Zhongning; Deng, Yu; Chen, Tieniu; Xie, Min; Xiao, Yingjie; Zou, Zhixiang

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107549

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The separated laser-induced microjet after irradiation of each single laser pulse has been studied and mainly applied in areas including needle-free drug injection [33] and microdroplet deposition for 3D printing [34]. Also, the high-speed microjet induced by cavitation bubble collapse creates a single micropit [35] and forms a microgroove [36] on aluminum foils, which is named laser-induced cavitation forming. To the best of our knowledge, the role of laser-induced microjet in liquidassisted laser micromachining has not yet been systematically studied and intentionally used for stably removing bubbles and ablation debris to enhance laser microablation performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation for high-quality microfabrication

Guo¹,

Qiu²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Liquid-assisted laser ablation has the advantage of relieving thermal effects of common laser ablation processes, whereas the light scattering and shielding effects by laser-induced cavitation bubbles, suspended debris, and turbulent liquid flow generally deteriorate laser beam transmission stability, leading to low energy efficiency and poor surface quality. Here, we report that a continuous and directional high-speed microjet will form in the laser ablation zone if laser-induced primary cavitation bubbles asymmetrically collapse sequentially near the air-liquid interface under a critical thin liquid layer. The laser-induced microjet can instantaneously and directionally remove secondary bubbles and ablation debris around the laser ablation region, and thus a very stable material removal process can be obtained. The shadowgraphs of high-speed camera reveal that the average speed of laser-induced continuous microjet can be as high as 1.1 m/s in its initial 500 μm displacement. The coupling effect of laser ablation, mechanical impact along with the collapse of cavitation bubbles and flushing of high-speed microjet helps achieve a high material removal rate and significantly improved surface quality. We name this uncovered liquid-assisted laser ablation process as laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation (LIMJAA) based on its unique characteristics. High-quality microgrooves with a large depth-to-width ratio of 5.2 are obtained by LIMJAA with a single-pass laser scanning process in our experiments. LIMJAA is capable of machining various types of difficult-to-process materials with high-quality arrays of micro-channels, square and circle microscale through-holes. The results and disclosed mechanisms in our work provide a deep understanding of the role of laser-induced microjet in improving the processing quality of liquid-assisted laser micromachining.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation for high-quality microfabrication

Guo¹,

Qiu²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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“…A Leica digital microscope was used to measure the depth of the hole (<50 μm) introduced by the irradiating laser on a PEEK and carbon fiber lamina [ 22 ]. Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) is usually used for shallow holes or microgrooves [ 25 ]. Temporal variations of the secondary speckle on the drilled glass samples have been used to estimate the depth, with a laser, ultrasound transmitter, and camera [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hole Morphology and Keyhole Evolution during Single Pulse Laser Drilling on Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK)

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2022

Materials

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Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), with its superior mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties, as well as high biocompatibility, has been used in aerospace, electronics, and biomedical applications. In this paper, a large number of experiments of single-pulse laser drilling on PEEK were performed to analyze the hole morphology and keyhole evolution, which were characterized by an optical microscope, charge-coupled device (CCD), and high-speed camera. A novel method is proposed to observe and measure the dimension of the processed hole rapidly right after laser drilling for special polymer materials with wear-resistance and non-conductivity. Morphological characteristics of holes are presented to illustrate the effect of pulse width and peak power on hole depth, hole diameter, and aspect-ratio. The obtained maximum drilling depth was 7.06 mm, and the maximum aspect-ratio was 23. In situ observations of the dynamic process of laser drilling, including the keyhole evolution together with ejection and vaporization behavior, were also carried out. The keyhole evolution process can be divided into three stages: rapid increment stage (0–2 ms) at a rate of 2.1 m/s, slow increment stage (2–4 ms) at a rate of 0.3 m/s, and stable stage (>4 ms). Moreover, the variation of dimensionless laser power density with the increase in pulse width was calculated. The calculated maximum drilling depth based on energy balance was compared with the experimental depth. It is proven that the laser–PEEK interaction is mainly influenced by a photothermal effect. Ejection is the dominant material-removal mechanism and contributes to over 60% of the depth increment during the rapid increment stage, while vaporization is dominant and contributes to about 80% of the depth increment during the slow increment stage. The results reveal the material removal mechanism for single-pulse laser drilling on PEEK, which is helpful to understand the dynamic process of keyhole evolution. This not only provides a processing window for future laser drilling of PEEK but also gives a guide for the manufacturing of other polymers.

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“…They investigated that the cavitation erosion degree increases progressively at first and then decreases stepwise with a standoff distance of 12 mm for 4 h shock time. Wang et al 11 proposed a method based on laser-induce cavitation forming. They discovered that the influence of the impact energy on the deformation behavior of pure copper foil is extremely relevant to the forming depth, surface quality, thickness thinning, and micro-hardness distribution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation and fracture behaviors of graded 2 titanium ultra-thin metallic sheets in water cavitation micro-forming

Wang

et al. 2022

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Water cavitation micro-forming (WCMF) with high quantum efficiency and excellent accuracy are essential for the applications in micro-forming. In this study, based on the size effects, an effective regulation of the cavitation micro-forming was realized. Surprisingly, micro-forming of graded 2 titanium ultra-thin metallic sheets was retained at field of special forming with WCMF. Based on the Hugoniot Elastic Limit of the material, the deformation and fracture behaviors of the case were effectively modified via water-jet shock time varying. In addition, the relationship between the deformation and the fracture of the material and the obtained water-jet cavitation shock time was established. Particularly, the cavitation energy displayed a high efficiency (within 90 s) and have a significant contribution to the appearance of the parabolic dimples. Therefore, this work opens up new opportunities for the development of special forming with excellent micro-forming performance through manipulation of water-jet cavitation shock time.

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Experimental research into microgroove stamping by laser-induced cavitation

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation for high-quality microfabrication

Laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation for high-quality microfabrication

Hole Morphology and Keyhole Evolution during Single Pulse Laser Drilling on Polyether-Ether-Ketone (PEEK)

Deformation and fracture behaviors of graded 2 titanium ultra-thin metallic sheets in water cavitation micro-forming

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