Experimental reactivation of latent canine herpesvirus-1 and induction of recurrent ocular disease in adult dogs

Ledbetter, Eric C.; Kim, Sung G.; Dubovi, Edward J.; Bicalho, R.C.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.013

Cited by 47 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The specific causes for reactivation from latency are not yet known, although general factors such as stress, pregnancy, chemotherapy, and systemic corticosteroid therapy have been implicated. 9,14,19,20 Following reactivation, the virus moves to the peripheral epithelial cells and a lytic cycle of viral replication and may result in mild subclinical infection or ocular diseases (ulcerative or nonulcerative keratitis with blepharospasm, conjunctivitis, and photophobia) depending on the host immunity. 8 T-cell-mediated immunity likely plays a crucial role in determining the fate of viral reactivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Canid Herpesvirus 1 Respiratory Infections in 4 Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs

et al. 2014

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Four healthy adult dogs (Golden Retrievers aged 6 years and 9 years, Dalmatian aged 13 years, and Mastiff aged 5 years) developed clinical signs of acute respiratory disease and died within 2 to 7 days of onset of clinical signs. The lungs of the 3 dogs submitted for necropsy were diffusely and severely reddened due to hyperemia and hemorrhage. Microscopic lesions in all dogs were suggestive of acute viral or toxic respiratory damage and varied from acute severe fibrinonecrotic or hemorrhagic bronchopneumonia to fibrinous or necrotizing bronchointerstitial pneumonia. Necropsied dogs also had hemorrhagic rhinitis and tracheitis with necrosis. Virus isolation, transmission electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm the presence of canid herpesvirus 1 (CaHV-1) in the lung samples of these dogs. Lung tissues were negative for influenza A virus, canine distemper virus, canine parainfluenza virus, canine respiratory coronavirus, and canine adenovirus 2. Canid herpesvirus 1 has been isolated from cases of acute infectious respiratory disease in dogs but has only rarely been associated with fatal primary viral pneumonia in adult dogs. The cases in the current report document lesions observed in association with CaHV-1 in 4 cases of fatal canine herpesvirus pneumonia in adult dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal Canid Herpesvirus 1 Respiratory Infections in 4 Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs

et al. 2014

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“…Immunosuppressive therapeutic agents can facilitate viral infection [10] or reactivate the latent virus [6] through modulation of the normal host defence mechanisms. Healthy dogs treated with glucocorticoids show mild or no clinical signs of infection after artificial inoculation of the West Nile virus, yet prolonged viremia occurs [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All puppies were inoculated intranasally with 2 mL of H3N2 CIV with a titre of 10 6 50% egg infectious dose (EID 50 )/0.1 mL. Dogs of the IC group were administered 3.0 mg/kg prednisolone (PO; 5-mg Solondo tabs, YuHan Corp., Seoul, Korea) for 7 consecutive days starting on study day 1, as previously described [6]. Strict bioisolation was maintained throughout the study to protect the personnel who were in contact with the dogs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged shedding of the canine influenza H3N2 virus in nasal swabs of experimentally immunocompromised dogs

Hong

Kang

et al. 2013

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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PurposeThe avian origin canine influenza virus H3N2 has been recently isolated and found to be currently in dog population in South Korea and China. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between immunosuppressive glucocorticoids used in veterinary clinical practice and viral shedding pattern of influenza in dogs.Materials and MethodsEight conventional beagle dogs were divided into control infection group and immunocompromised group. Dogs of both groups were infected with H3N2 canine influenza virus (2×106.0 EID50/0.1 mL). Dogs in immunocompromised group were given orally 3.0 mg/kg prednisolone for 7 days. Virus shedding was monitored using real-time polymerase chain reaction. After necropsy, histopathologic lesions were compared.ResultsWe found that immunocompromised dogs exhibited more prolonged (8 days vs. 13 days) and higher magnitude viral shedding than control group (peak titer of viral shedding 4.6 vs. 5.5 EID50).ConclusionRestricted use of immunosuppressive drugs in the clinical setting might help control the rapid spread of H3N2 through local dog populations.

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“…Bitches latently infected by experimental intraocular infection with CHV have been shown to reactivate the infection, showing ocular signs, ocular viral shedding and a fourfold elevation in CHV antibody titre, after administration of prednisolone (Ledbetter et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Herpesvirus During Pregnancy and Non‐Pregnant Luteal Phase

Holst

Gustavsson

Grapperon-Mathis

et al. 2012

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Contents Canine herpesvirus (CHV) is a widespread infection among dogs that typically get latently infected after exposure and can reactivate the infection after stress. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of latent CHV infection during pregnancy on pregnancy outcome, and to study if there are signs of genital viral reactivation during pregnancy or during non‐pregnant luteal phase. Twelve mated bitches and eight control bitches were followed and sampled regularly during pregnancy or non‐pregnant luteal phase. Blood samples were taken for antibody analysis and vaginal swabs for real‐time PCR analysis. Three of the pregnant bitches were vaccinated against CHV during pregnancy. All bitches had antibodies to CHV. Two pregnant bitches that were not vaccinated had a twofold or larger increase in CHV titre, with no negative effects detected on pregnancy. Higher titres were not associated with smaller litters or with vaccination. There was no consistent variation in antibody titres due to pregnancy or non‐pregnant luteal phase. Vaginal excretion of CHV was not detected from any of the bitches.

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Experimental reactivation of latent canine herpesvirus-1 and induction of recurrent ocular disease in adult dogs

Cited by 47 publications

References 31 publications

Fatal Canid Herpesvirus 1 Respiratory Infections in 4 Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs

Fatal Canid Herpesvirus 1 Respiratory Infections in 4 Clinically Healthy Adult Dogs

Prolonged shedding of the canine influenza H3N2 virus in nasal swabs of experimentally immunocompromised dogs

Canine Herpesvirus During Pregnancy and Non‐Pregnant Luteal Phase

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