Experimental Quantitative Evaluation of Transvascular Removal of Unnecessary Substances in Brain Edema Fluid

Kadota, Eiji; Nonaka, Kiyoko; Karasuno, M.; Nishi, Katsuhide; Nakamura, Yusaku; Namikawa, Kiyohiro; Okazaki, Yuko; Teramura, Kazuhiro; Hashimoto, Shigeo

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9334-1_43

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, evidence of quantitative and qualitative disparities between the outcomes of ECS DA measurements by these techniques confounds the stated objective (Borland et al, 2005; Bungay et al, 2003; Kulagina et al, 2001; Qian et al, 1999). Microdialysis and voltammetry each involve the penetration of living brain tissue with physical objects, probes and microelectrodes, respectively, resulting in penetration injury (Benveniste and Diemer, 1987; Benveniste et al, 1987; Clapp-Lilly et al, 1999; Dykstra et al, 1992; Groothuis et al, 1998; Holson et al, 1996; Kadota et al, 1994; Major et al, 1990; Morgan et al, 1996; Zhou et al, 2001). Since the severity and extent of such injury is related to the size of the penetrator (Shain et al, 2003), and since microdialysis probes are at least 10,000 times larger than carbon fiber voltammetric microelectrodes (volume:volume) (Yang et al, 2007), it is necessary to consider the possibility that differences between the penetration injuries contribute to the differences between the ECS DA results of microdialysis and voltammetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the brain penetration injury associated with microdialysis and voltammetry

Jaquins-Gerstl

Michael

2009

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

118

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Emerging evidence suggests that differences between microdialysis- and voltammetry-based estimates of extracellular dopamine in the brain might originate in the different penetration injury associated with each technique. To address this issue in a direct fashion, microdialysis probes and voltammetric microelectrodes were implanted in the rat striatum for 1, 4, or 24 hrs. Tissues were perfused with a suspension of fluorescently labeled nanobeads to assess blood vessels near the implant. Tissue sections (30 μm) were labeled with antibodies for PECAM, an endothelial cell marker, or GFAP, a glial marker. In non-implanted control tissue, blood vessels were reliably double-labeled with nanobeads and antiPECAM. Tissue near microdialysis probe tracks exhibited ischemia in the form of PECAM immunoreactive blood vessels devoid of nanobeads. Ischemia was most apparent after the 4-hr implants. Probe tracks were surrounded by endothelial cell debris, which appeared as a diffuse halo of PECAM immunoreactivity. The halo intensity decreased with implant duration, indicative of an active wound-healing process. Consistent with this, after 24-hr implants, the probe tracks were surrounded by hyperplasic and hypertrophic glia and glial processes were extending towards, and engulfing, the track. Carbon fiber microelectrodes produced a diffuse disruption of nanobead labeling but no focal disruption of blood vessels, no PECAM immunoreactive halo, and no glial activation. These findings illuminate the differences between the extent and nature of the penetration injuries associated with microdialysis and voltammetry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the brain penetration injury associated with microdialysis and voltammetry

Jaquins-Gerstl

Michael

2009

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

118

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“…Typical microdialysis probes, those in widespread use, have diameters of at least 250 μm. ,− Implanting these into the brain causes tissue damage, which in turn triggers a wound response. − The wound response involves a cascade of events, some of which begin right away and some of which develop over the course of several days. Microglial cells respond within minutes to focal brain injury, whereas astrocytes respond later. , Astrocytes form a scar around microdialysis probe tracks by 5 days postimplantation .…”

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confidence: 99%

Microdialysis in the Rat Striatum: Effects of 24 h Dexamethasone Retrodialysis on Evoked Dopamine Release and Penetration Injury

Nesbitt

Varner

Jaquins-Gerstl

et al. 2014

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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The power of microdialysis for in vivo neurochemical monitoring is a result of intense efforts to enhance microdialysis procedures, the probes themselves, and the analytical systems used for the analysis of dialysate samples. Our goal is to refine microdialysis further by focusing attention on what happens when the probes are implanted into brain tissue. It is broadly acknowledged that some tissue damage occurs, such that the tissue nearest the probes is disrupted from its normal state. We hypothesize that mitigating such disruption would refine microdialysis. Herein, we show that the addition of dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory drug, to the perfusion fluid protects evoked dopamine responses as measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry next to the probes after 24 h. We also show that dexamethasone stabilizes evoked dopamine responses measured at the probe outlet over a 4–24 h postimplantation interval. The effects of dexamethasone are attributable to its anti-inflammatory actions, as dexamethasone had no significant effect on two histochemical markers for dopamine terminals, tyrosine hydroxylase and the dopamine transporter. Using histochemical assays, we confirmed that the actions of dexamethasone are tightly confined to the immediate, local vicinity of the probe.

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“…Microdialysis sampling has historically been touted as a minimally invasive sampling procedure. Yet, in reality, the implantation of a microdialysis sampling probe into the brain as well as any tissue creates a stab wound. ,− Stab wounds to rat brain have been shown to exhibit alterations in inflammatory chemokine and cytokine gene expression. − Chemokines produced from tissue surrounding a stab wound would be expected to come from activated microglia . Histological observations demonstrating altered tissue structures in the brain surrounding implanted microdialysis probes have also been reported. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Microdialysis Sampling of Cytokines from Rat Hippocampus: Comparison of Cannula Implantation Procedures

Vasicek

Jackson

Poseno

et al. 2013

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Cytokines are signaling proteins that have been of significant importance in the field of immunology, since these proteins affect different cells in the immune system. In addition to their immune system significance, these proteins have recently been referred to as a third chemical communication network within the CNS. The role that cytokines play in orchestrating the immune response within tissues after a mechanical injury leads to potential complications if the source of cytokines (i.e., trauma vs disease) is of interest. Microdialysis sampling has seen wide use in collection of many different solutes within the CNS. Yet, implantation of microdialysis guide cannulas and the probes creates tissue injury. In this study, we compared the differences in cytokine levels in dialysates from 4 mm, 100 kDa molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) polyethersulfone membrane microdialysis probes implanted in the hippocampus of male Sprague− Dawley rats. Comparisons were made between animals that were dialyzed immediately after cannula implantation (day 0), 7 days post cannula implantation (day 7), and repeatedly sampled on day 0 and day 7. Multiplexed bead-based immunoassays were used to quantify CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL1 (KC/GRO), CXCL2 (MIP-2), IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in dialysates. Differences in cytokine concentrations between the different treatment groups were observed with higher levels of inflammatory cytokines measured in day 7 cannulated animals. Only CCL3 (MIP-1α), CXCL1 (KC/GRO), CXCL2 (MIP-2), and IL-10 were measured above the assay limits of detection for a majority of the dialysates, and their concentrations were typically in the low to high (10−1000) picogram per milliliter range. The work described here lays the groundwork for additional basic research studies with microdialysis sampling of cytokines in rodent CNS.

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Experimental Quantitative Evaluation of Transvascular Removal of Unnecessary Substances in Brain Edema Fluid

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of the brain penetration injury associated with microdialysis and voltammetry

Comparison of the brain penetration injury associated with microdialysis and voltammetry

Microdialysis in the Rat Striatum: Effects of 24 h Dexamethasone Retrodialysis on Evoked Dopamine Release and Penetration Injury

In Vivo Microdialysis Sampling of Cytokines from Rat Hippocampus: Comparison of Cannula Implantation Procedures

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