Experimental quantification of atomically-resolved HAADF-STEM images using EDX

Pantzas, Konstantinos; Patriarche, G.

doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113152

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…HAADF images can also be exploited to deduce the B concentration profile. Indeed, the high angular integrated intensity is directly related to the atomic number Z of the atomic columns scanned by the electron probe [19]. If we assume that in the binary compound Si:B, all the B atoms replace Si atoms in the crystal lattice, and that there are not other elements present, it is theoretically possible to calculate the B concentration from the deformation and the HAADF contrast, defined as the ratio between the layer intensity (I SiB ) relative to the volume of Si:B crystal lattice (V SiB ) and the substrate intensity (I SiB ) relative to the volume of the Si crystal lattice (V Si ):…”

Section: Extraction Of the B Distribution Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si_1−xB_x

Hallais¹,

Patriarche²,

Desvignes³

et al. 2023

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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We report on the structural properties of highly B-doped silicon (up to 10 at.% of active doping) realised by nanosecond laser doping. The crystalline quality, lattice deformation and B distribution profile of the doped layer are investigated by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy followed by High-Angle Annular Dark Field contrast studies and Geometrical Phase Analysis, and compared to the results of Secondary Ions Mass Spectrometry and Hall measurements. When increasing the active B concentration above 4 at.%, the fully strained, perfectly crystalline, Si:B layer starts showing dislocations and stacking faults. These only disappear around 8 at.% when the Si:B layer is well accommodated to the substrate. With increasing B incorporation, an increasing number of small precipitates is observed, together with filaments with a higher active B concentration and stacking faults. At the highest concentrations studied, large precipitates form, related to the decrease of active B concentration. The structural information, defect type and concentration, and active B distribution are connected to the initial increase and subsequent gradual loss of superconductivity.

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Section: Extraction Of the B Distribution Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si_1−xB_x

Hallais¹,

Patriarche²,

Desvignes³

et al. 2023

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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“…The central electrode platform is secured by screws (302). Water spray at the top (305) and bottom (303) facility is provided in which spray water is fed through a concentric pipe system (307,308) while syngas is fed (304) or collected (306) from the annular regions. Tar captured on the porous catalytic earth electrode and in the tar collection space (316) both act as a barrier for the gas and hence tar removal from the bottom exit (317) has to be carried out gradually.…”

Section: Model Syngas and Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In situ spectroscopic techniques were developed for the detection of reaction intermediates [302,303] and reaction-environment-dependent dynamic evolution of active sites in the catalyst (i.e., the transformation between the surface terrace and step sites) [304]. Atomically resolved mapping of catalyst surfaces was achieved using High Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM) [280,305,306], Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM) or combined AFM and STM have been successfully used for the in situ observation of oxygen vacancy sites and their generation [307][308][309][310][311][312]. The noncontact AFM provides an exceptional spatial resolution due to the use of a terminal oxygen atom functionalized tip [309,310].…”

Section: Analytical Techniques and In Situ Observation Of Catalyst/co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Akay

2023

Catalysts

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This multi-disciplinary paper aims to provide a roadmap for the development of an integrated, process-intensified technology for the production of H2, NH3 and NH3-based symbiotic/smart fertilizers (referred to as target products) from renewable feedstock with CO2 sequestration and utilization while addressing environmental issues relating to the emerging Food, Energy and Water shortages as a result of global warming. The paper also discloses several novel processes, reactors and catalysts. In addition to the process intensification character of the processes used and reactors designed in this study, they also deliver novel or superior products so as to lower both capital and processing costs. The critical elements of the proposed technology in the sustainable production of the target products are examined under three-sections: (1) Materials: They include natural or synthetic porous water absorbents for NH3 sequestration and symbiotic and smart fertilizers (S-fertilizers), synthesis of plasma interactive supported catalysts including supported piezoelectric catalysts, supported high-entropy catalysts, plasma generating-chemical looping and natural catalysts and catalysts based on quantum effects in plasma. Their performance in NH3 synthesis and CO2 conversion to CO as well as the direct conversion of syngas to NH3 and NH3—fertilizers are evaluated, and their mechanisms investigated. The plasma-generating chemical-looping catalysts (Catalysts, 2020, 10, 152; and 2016, 6, 80) were further modified to obtain a highly active piezoelectric catalyst with high levels of chemical and morphological heterogeneity. In particular, the mechanism of structure formation in the catalysts BaTi1−rMrO3−x−y{#}xNz and M3O4−x−y{#}xNz/Si = X was studied. Here, z = 2y/3, {#} represents an oxygen vacancy and M is a transition metal catalyst. (2) Intensified processes: They include, multi-oxidant (air, oxygen, CO2 and water) fueled catalytic biomass/waste gasification for the generation of hydrogen-enriched syngas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, N2); plasma enhanced syngas cleaning with ca. 99% tar removal; direct syngas-to-NH3 based fertilizer conversion using catalytic plasma with CO2 sequestration and microwave energized packed bed flow reactors with in situ reactive separation; CO2 conversion to CO with BaTiO3−x{#}x or biochar to achieve in situ O2 sequestration leading to higher CO2 conversion, biochar upgrading for agricultural applications; NH3 sequestration with CO2 and urea synthesis. (3) Reactors: Several patented process-intensified novel reactors were described and utilized. They are all based on the Multi-Reaction Zone Reactor (M-RZR) concept and include, a multi-oxidant gasifier, syngas cleaning reactor, NH3 and fertilizer production reactors with in situ NH3 sequestration with mineral acids or CO2. The approach adopted for the design of the critical reactors is to use the critical materials (including natural catalysts and soil additives) in order to enhance intensified H2 and NH3 production. Ultimately, they become an essential part of the S-fertilizer system, providing efficient fertilizer use and enhanced crop yield, especially under water and nutrient stress. These critical processes and reactors are based on a process intensification philosophy where critical materials are utilized in the acceleration of the reactions including NH3 production and carbon dioxide reduction. When compared with the current NH3 production technology (Haber–Bosch process), the proposed technology achieves higher ammonia conversion at much lower temperatures and atmospheric pressure while eliminating the costly NH3 separation process through in situ reactive separation, which results in the production of S-fertilizers or H2 or urea precursor (ammonium carbamate). As such, the cost of NH3-based S-fertilizers can become competitive with small-scale distributed production platforms compared with the Haber–Bosch fertilizers.

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“…While, EELS acquires the energy loss of the incident electrons due to interactions with the sample, providing the electronic information about chemical bonding, valence and conduction band. [66,95,96] Considering the fact that inelastic scattering of the incident electron beam is strongly forward scattered, the signal collection efficiency of EELS is much higher than that of EDX. Furthermore, the energy resolution of EDX is worse in comparison with EELS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Microscopic Study for Lanthanide and Manganese Doped Luminescent Materials

Zhang

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2022

Small

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Luminescent materials are indispensable for applications in lighting, displays and photovoltaics, which can transfer, absorb, store and utilize light energy. Their performance is closely related with their size and morphologies, exact atomic arrangement, and local configuration about photofunctional centers. Advanced electron microscopy‐based techniques have enabled the possibility to study nanostructures with atomic resolution. Especially, with the advanced micro‐electro‐mechanical systems, it is able to characterize the luminescent materials at the atomic scale under various environments, providing a deep understanding of the luminescent mechanism. Accordingly, this review summarizes the recent achievements of microscopic study to directly image the microstructure and local environment of activators in lanthanide and manganese (Ln/Mn2+)‐doped luminescent materials, including: 1) bulk materials, the typical systems are nitride/oxynitride phosphors; and 2) nanomaterials, such as nanocrystals (hexagonal‐phase NaLnF4 and perovskite) and 2D nanosheets (Ca2Ta3O10 and MoS2). Finally, the challenges and limitations are highlighted, and some possible solutions to facilitate the developments of advanced luminescent materials are provided.

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Experimental quantification of atomically-resolved HAADF-STEM images using EDX

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si_1−xB_x

STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si_1−xB_x

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Recent Developments of Microscopic Study for Lanthanide and Manganese Doped Luminescent Materials

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Experimental quantification of atomically-resolved HAADF-STEM images using EDX

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si1−xBx

STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si1−xBx

Hydrogen, Ammonia and Symbiotic/Smart Fertilizer Production Using Renewable Feedstock and CO2 Utilization through Catalytic Processes and Nonthermal Plasma with Novel Catalysts and In Situ Reactive Separation: A Roadmap for Sustainable and Innovation-Based Technology

Recent Developments of Microscopic Study for Lanthanide and Manganese Doped Luminescent Materials

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STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si_1−xB_x

STEM analysis of deformation and B distribution In nanosecond laser ultra-doped Si_1−xB_x