Experimental pain in man

Procacci, Paolo; Zoppi, M.; Maresca, Marco

doi:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90120-9

Cited by 63 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Few studies have been published on the effect of TENS on thermal and pain perception thresholds, and all of them in healthy individuals. Clinical pain involves greater emotional and cognitive dimensions (Procacci et al, 1979). Other studies found increased warm sensation and cold sensation perception thresholds with TENS (Eriksson et al, 1985), increased hot pain perception thresholds with high-intensity TENS (Pertovaara, 1980) and increased heat pain threshold during and after high-frequency transcutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation (Buonocore and Camuzini, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sensation thresholds in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: an observational study

Moharić¹,

Burger²

2010

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is one of the therapies for painful neuropathy. Its analgesic mechanisms probably involve the gate control theory, the physiological block and the endogenous pain inhibitory system. The aim of the study was to determine whether TENS improves small fibre function diminished because of painful diabetic neuropathy. Forty-six patients with painful diabetic neuropathy were treated with TENS three consecutive hours a day for 3 weeks. Treatment effect was evaluated with cold, warm, cold pain and heat pain thresholds, vibration perception thresholds and touch perception thresholds. In all patients, thermal-specific and thermal pain sensitivity determination showed quantitative and qualitative abnormalities in all the measured spots. After the TENS therapy, no statistically significant changes in cold, warm, cold pain, heat pain, vibratory perception and touch perception thresholds were observed in the stimulated area. TENS did not alter C, Aδ nor Aβ fibre-mediated perception thresholds. The observed changes at thenar are probably because of central mechanisms. In general, analgesic mechanisms of TENS are likely to be complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sensation thresholds in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: an observational study

Moharić¹,

Burger²

2010

International Journal of Rehabilitation Research

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“…Findings from induced pain studies may not be directly applicable to clinical pain states due to the emotional and cognitive aspects involved in real pain. 38,[69][70][71] Furthermore, there will be significant stress elements in the induced pain models which may release opioids, perhaps explaining why control and experimental groups may not produce different results. 72,73 Additionally, the neurophysiological characteristics of clinical pain are different from experimental pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The analgesic effect of interferential therapy on clinical and experimentally induced pain

Beatti

Rayner

Souvlis

et al. 2010

Physical Therapy Reviews

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Background: Interferential therapy (IFT) is one of the most popular modalities used by physiotherapists for the management and control of pain. Despite its widespread use, there remains debate surrounding its effectiveness.Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the published literature on the effectiveness of IFT in reducing pain. Method: A literature search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and Physiotherapy Evidence Based (PEDro) was performed. This review adhered only to randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated IFT in the presence of a control group. PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results: Nine RCTs met the inclusion criteria of this review. One study evaluated the effect of IFT on clinical pain while remaining studies examined induced pain including thermal (cold and hot), ischemic, mechanical, and delayed onset of muscle soreness. No clear conclusion was withdrawn regarding the effectiveness of IFT on pain management due to the high variability in study design and deficiencies in methodological quality. The data were limited and contradicting and therefore, of equivocal support to the pain reduction effect of IFT. Conclusion: There is inadequate evidence to support the effectiveness of IFT in pain management. Clearly, there is a need for RCTs with high methodological quality to establish IFT efficacy.

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“…This reflexive motor response could be construed, at some level, as evidence of discomfort or unpleasantness associated with the thermal grill. Alternatively, withdrawal (and other descriptors commonly applied, e.g., “weird”) may reflect the TGI as a “metaesthesic” sensation65 – that is, sensation before pain, which is sometimes (but not always) described as unpleasant2. At the core of the problem are confounding variables that contribute to whether an individual reports the thermal grill as unpleasant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal grill conditioning: Effect on contact heat evoked potentials

Jutzeler

Warner

Wanek

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The ‘thermal grill illusion’ (TGI) is a unique cutaneous sensation of unpleasantness, induced through the application of interlacing warm and cool stimuli. While previous studies have investigated optimal parameters and subject characteristics to evoke the illusion, our aim was to examine the modulating effect as a conditioning stimulus. A total of 28 healthy control individuals underwent three testing sessions on separate days. Briefly, 15 contact heat stimuli were delivered to the right hand dorsum, while the left palmar side of the hand was being conditioned with either neutral (32 °C), cool (20 °C), warm (40 °C), or TGI (20/40 °C). Rating of perception (numeric rating scale: 0–10) and evoked potentials (i.e., N1 and N2P2 potentials) to noxious contact heat stimuli were assessed. While cool and warm conditioning decreased cortical responses to noxious heat, TGI conditioning increased evoked potential amplitude (N1 and N2P2). In line with other modalities of unpleasant conditioning (e.g., sound, visual, and olfactory stimulation), cortical and possibly sub-cortical modulation may underlie the facilitation of contact heat evoked potentials.

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Experimental pain in man

Cited by 63 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sensation thresholds in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: an observational study

Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on sensation thresholds in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy: an observational study

The analgesic effect of interferential therapy on clinical and experimentally induced pain

Thermal grill conditioning: Effect on contact heat evoked potentials

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