Experimental Nets for a Protection System against the Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.

Castellano, Sergio; Palma, Antonella Di; Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore; Lippolis, Marco; Starace, Giuseppe; Scarascia-Mugnozza, Giacomo

doi:10.3390/agriculture9020032

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In general, the use of plastic nets has a series of benefits, such as reduced pests and insects. Moreover, plastic nets have proven useful in the control of Xylella fastidiosa and Philaenus spumarius, which are pests that are common in orchards and olive tree nurseries [107]. They are also used to create a unique microclimate [108].…”

Section: The Effects Of Plastics On the Physicochemical Properties Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Plastics in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study of Castilla y León (Spain) Farmlands

Mongil-Manso,

Jiménez-Ballesta,

Trujillo-González

et al. 2023

Land

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Plastics, especially microplastics, are a diverse group of polymer-based particles, currently emerging as a global environmental threat—plastic pollution. An attempt was made to search for the presence of plastics in soils, particularly in a traditionally agricultural region such as Castilla y León (CYL). This study aimed to evaluate the use of plastics in agricultural soils in general, with an emphasis on CYL, by analyzing the present state and future perspectives on the addition of plastic waste to some agricultural soils in CYL. Surprisingly, many agricultural soils, including arable lands, irrigation, and especially greenhouse soils, receive plastic residues every day, which can lead to contaminants. By analyzing government data, we discovered that the volume of plastic waste from intensive agriculture is increasing (49,131 t in 2020) and that the current management system does not meet the needs of the sector. From this review, it can be inferred that plastics affect cultivated soils in CYL; this could affect both the economy and the soil itself and, by extension, the trophic food chain, food, and human health.

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Section: The Effects Of Plastics On the Physicochemical Properties Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Plastics in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study of Castilla y León (Spain) Farmlands

Mongil-Manso,

Jiménez-Ballesta,

Trujillo-González

et al. 2023

Land

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“…In principle, under the element that will directly press the basket load (press plate) called 'marrano' (14), there is a free height to form the load. As this basket load is formed and reaches a certain height, the operator operates the vertical axis capstan called 'palopedro' (3). This element acts as a manual winch with a vertical axis, supported by a support beam (5) which allows it to rotate.…”

Section: Operation Of the Tower Pressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tower Press for Obtaining Olive Oil: Analysis through Computer-Aided Engineering

et al. 2020

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This article analyzes a large tower press used to press crushed olives to obtain olive oil. To this end, a study of computer-aided engineering (CAE) was carried out using the parametric software Autodesk Inventor Professional, consisting of a static analysis using the finite-element method (FEM) of the 3D model of the press under real operating conditions. The tower press has been analyzed in two limit positions: in the rest position, supported on two pillars, and the pressing position, supported on the set of filter discs (basket load) called ‘cargo de capachos’ that contained the previously ground olives. In the first position, static analysis revealed that the maximum von Mises stress was 22.7 MPa, located on the axle of the roller, but this is far from the elastic limit. Moreover, the lowest safety coefficient is 11.16, produced in the contact between the tower and the right pillar and well above the optimal range between 2 and 4. On the other hand, it hardly presents equivalent displacements or deformations that would endanger the operation of the set. The greatest displacement would be in the wooden guide (0.123 mm) and a deformation of 0.027% with respect to its length. These values confirm that, in this position, the tower press was clearly oversized. However, the results obtained regarding the second position are not entirely conclusive. Although the values of the displacements and the equivalent deformations are low, with results similar to those obtained in the first position, with a maximum displacement of 0.1315 mm located in the horizontal beam of the support structure and a maximum equivalent deformation of value 0.385%, located in the contact between the screw and the nut, the same does not happen with the von Mises stress. The software did not obtain a convergent result due to the frustoconical geometry of the bolt that joins the screw and nut, adopting a maximum value of 508.3 MPa. For this point, the safety coefficient is 1.49, which reveals a sizing problem with the proposed solution of resizing the screw thread, giving it more robustness. The rest of the elements work with a safety coefficient above 4.33 so they are also clearly oversized, according to current criteria.

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“…Most of the nets used by farms to date are produced from non-biodegradable materials such as polypropylene [20], polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) [21], which is also used for bale-wrapping nets. HDPE is a thermoplastic resin made from the chemical molecule ethylene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling Waste Agricultural Nets as Cement Composites

Zegardło,

Maraveas,

Świeczka

et al. 2024

Materials

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The advancement of agricultural mesh technology has contributed to its improved properties. As a result, agricultural nets are widely adopted in large-scale farming applications, for example, in cereal crop farming. However, a consequence of this increased use of agricultural nets is the accumulation of large amounts of waste. The current paper focuses on the recycling of agricultural nets used in wrapping straw bales to develop additives and fillers in cement composites. The research details an analysis of the use of waste agricultural meshes as an ingredient in cement composites. Six test series of different mixtures were conducted. In the first four series, agricultural waste was utilised as an additive in a composite comprising aggregate and cement slurry (the amounts of wasted nets were 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg/m3). In the last test series, the recyclate utilised comprised a mixture of cement slurry and waste only. The composites were subjected to standard tests and thermal resistance tests. The results showcased that that the addition of a net worsened the workability of the concrete mixture, and with increasing amounts of addition, the consistency of the mixture could change from liquid to dense plastic. The flexural strength of the composite decreased with increasing amounts of recyclate. In subsequent test series, the flexural strength value was lower than that of the control (3.93 MPa), from 7.38% (3.64 MPa) for the composite with 20 kg/m3 of recyclate to 37.66% (2.45 MPa) for the composite with of 80 kg/m3 recyclate. The flexural strength value of the net-filled composite without aggregate was very high (10.44 MPa), where the value obtained for the control composite was 62.36% lower. The results of the compressive strength test showed a decrease in this parameter with increasing amounts of additive. The value assessed for the control composite was 27.99 MPa. As expected, the composite that had no aggregate and consisted of only recycled filler had the lowest compressive strength. The value of this parameter was 13.07 MPa, and it was 53.31% lower than that of the control composite. The results of the tests of resistance to temperatures were similar to those recorded for the composites with polypropylene fibres. All composites demonstrated a significant decrease in their compressive and flexural strength after annealing. SEM imaging showed that the net fibres were closely bonded to the cement stone. Finally, it was concluded that recyclates performed best as fillers in lightweight composites with a low density, low absorption, high flexural strength, and satisfactory compressive strength.

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Experimental Nets for a Protection System against the Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Plastics in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study of Castilla y León (Spain) Farmlands

A Comprehensive Review of Plastics in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study of Castilla y León (Spain) Farmlands

The Tower Press for Obtaining Olive Oil: Analysis through Computer-Aided Engineering

Recycling Waste Agricultural Nets as Cement Composites

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