Experimental Multistatic Imaging VIA the Linear Sampling Method

Ambrosanio, Michele; Bevacqua, Martina T.; Isernia, Tommaso; Pascazio, Vito

doi:10.1109/igarss.2019.8897877

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Limited-aperture LSM imaging has been studied for cases where there is a free-space path from the sensors to the target [32][33][34][35] as well as for cases where the target is embedded beneath a penetrable surface [36][37][38][39][40]. We focus on the former case in this paper, which is consistent with many past PEC imaging studies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…where 𝑘 𝑖 is the ith collected wavenumber and 𝑝 = 1 or 2 (e.g., [28,32]). Other studies focused on ground penetrating radar (GPR) applications have normalized each frequency component by the maximum over the image in order to overcome challenges related to the differences in penetration distance across frequency [34,36]. Although the focus of this study is not GPR, we adopt this convention in order to maintain consistency with previously published experimental results [34].…”

Section: A Conventional Lsm Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the various qualitative techniques, the linear sampling method (LSM) in particular has received a considerable amount of attention due to several beneficial properties [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. The LSM operates by solving a linear focusing problem [25], and thus is computationally inexpensive and straightforward to implement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as receive samples are limited to the close vicinity of the transmit location, achieving high-fidelity imagery from conventional LSM processing is still difficult. A similar synthetic aperture approach has been used for LSM in a few studies [34,38,40]. However, the overwhelming majority of LSM studies have not used this approach, and thus more extensive study is of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Phase-Encoded Linear Sampling Method Imaging of Conducting Surfaces From Full and Limited Synthetic Apertures

Burfeindt

Alqadah

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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The linear sampling method (LSM) is a qualitative inverse scattering technique that can create good-fidelity imagery at low computational expense. However, it is challenging to use in many practical scenarios due to its need for wide-angle multistatic-multiview data with dense spatial sampling. We present a new LSM formulation for imaging conducting targets from a more limited sensor distribution. The technique mitigates the challenge of limited multistatic diversity by disciplining the solution via a propagation-based phase encoding. Phase encoding is accomplished on receive via a beamforming operation and on transmit via a regularization that enforces a desired phase behavior. We evaluate the method by applying it to multistatic synthetic aperture scenarios where a few sensors travel in formation while collecting data. These scenarios are challenging for conventional LSM, but also potentially desirable due to the limited required hardware resources. We demonstrate with both simulated and experimental data that the proposed technique produces images of fundamentally greater fidelity compared to conventional LSM processing. We demonstrate significantly improved performance both when the aperture completely encircles the target and when the aperture is limited in aspect. The latter result is particularly significant, as limited apertures present significant challenges to LSM imaging.INDEX TERMS Inverse scattering, beamforming, antenna arrays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: A Conventional Lsm Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phase-Encoded Linear Sampling Method Imaging of Conducting Surfaces From Full and Limited Synthetic Apertures

Burfeindt

Alqadah

2022

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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“…After collection, the data are calibrated and stored (more details regarding the data calibration are reported in [8]). Note that, as far as the GPR perspective, the highest frequencies in the employed 8-GHz bandwidth are not useful due to the attenuation in the soil, while this bandwidth is efficient for the air-target test case [29].…”

Section: Georgia Tech Multistatic Gpr Data Set: Data Arrangement and Information Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Tomographic Methods Against Experimental Contactless Multistatic Ground Penetrating Radar

Ambrosanio

Bevacqua

Isernia

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology for underground exploration consists in the transmission of an electromagnetic signal in the ground for sensing the presence of buried objects. While monostatic or bistatic configurations are usually adopted, a limited number of multistatic GPR systems have been proposed in the scientific literature. In this manuscript, we investigate the recovery performance of a specific and unconventional contactless multistatic GPR system, designed at the Georgia Institute of Technology for the subsurface imaging of anti-tank and anti-personnel plastic mines. In particular, for the first time, tomographic approaches are tested against this experimental multistatic GPR system, while most GPR processing in the scientific literature processes multi-monostatic experimental data sets. Firstly, by mimicking the system at hand, an accurate theoretical as well as numerical analysis is performed in order to estimate the data information content and the performance achievable. Two different tomographic linear approaches are adopted, i.e. the linear sampling method (LSM) and the Born approximation (BA) method, this latter enhanced by means of the compressive sensing (CS) theoretical framework. Then, the experimental data provided by the Georgia Institute of Technology are processed by means of a multi-frequency CS and BA-based method, thus generating very accurate 3D maps of the investigated underground scenario. Index Terms-ground penetrating radar (GPR), inverse scattering (IS) problem, microwave tomography, plastic landmine detection, linear sampling method (LSM), Born approximation (BA), compressive sensing (CS), sparse recovery. I. INTRODUCTIONROUND-PENETRATING radar (GPR) represents a powerful technology able to investigate in a non-invasive and non-destructive way non-accessible scenarios, as witnessed by the numerous and different applications, which include demining, lunar explorations, archaeology, geology, and civil engineering [1].GPR technology is usually adopted for subsurface imaging

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Experimental Phase-Encoded Linear Sampling Method Imaging With a Single Transmitter and Receiver

Burfeindt,

Alqadah,

Ziegler

2024

IEEE Open J. Antennas Propag.

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The phase-encoded linear sampling method (PE-LSM) is an inverse scattering technique for reconstructing the shape of a conducting target from scattered electric fields. It is a variant of the well-known linear sampling method (LSM), which solves the nonlinear shape reconstruction problem using linear optimization. The PE-LSM mitigates the primary obstacle to practical imaging via LSMbased processing -its need for copious multistatic-multiview transmit-receive channels. In this study, we evaluate the PE-LSM using experimental data. We collect synthetic aperture data in an anechoic chamber using only a single transmit-receive channel. With the aid of a monostatic-to-multistatic transform, we generate reconstructions of each target via the PE-LSM. The results evince significant improvements in fidelity to the true target geometries compared to imagery generated by both conventional LSM processing and a conventional backprojection-based radar approach.

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Experimental Multistatic Imaging VIA the Linear Sampling Method

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Phase-Encoded Linear Sampling Method Imaging of Conducting Surfaces From Full and Limited Synthetic Apertures

Phase-Encoded Linear Sampling Method Imaging of Conducting Surfaces From Full and Limited Synthetic Apertures

Performance Analysis of Tomographic Methods Against Experimental Contactless Multistatic Ground Penetrating Radar

Experimental Phase-Encoded Linear Sampling Method Imaging With a Single Transmitter and Receiver

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