Experimental modification of dysfunctional interpretations in individuals with contamination concerns

Conley, Sara L.; Wu, Kevin D.

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.11.005

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…As predicted, our positive training led to a greater increase in adaptive interpretive bias towards ambiguous contamination-related situations whereas the neutral training did not. This finding converges with those reported by Beadel et al (2016) and Conley and Wu (2018), who were also able to train an adaptive bias in individuals with contamination concerns, despite using either a different set of training items or CBM-I methodology. Importantly, like Conley and Wu (2018), we showed that our positive training, relative to neutral training, was associated with less avoidance of contaminants on our behavioural approach tasks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…These studies matched the CBM-I training material to the target population and showed that this significantly reduced contamination-related interpretive bias, relative to control training (Beadel et al, 2016;Conley & Wu, 2018) and when the training material was not related to contamination concerns (i.e., acrophobia; Beadel et al, 2016). However, only Conley and Wu (2018) showed that CBM-I was associated with less behavioural avoidance of contaminants on their behavioural approach task. Study-specific limitations notwithstanding, both studies support the idea that CBM-I is more likely to be effective in shifting interpretive biases, symptoms and/or behaviour if the training target and population align.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, CBM-I's clinical application in OCD is currently limited partly because these studies have reported mixed findings regarding its impact on symptom reduction and behaviour. Two studies examining the effectiveness of CBM-I specifically in individuals with heightened contamination concerns have similarly reported mixed results (Beadel et al, 2016;Conley & Wu, 2018). These studies matched the CBM-I training material to the target population and showed that this significantly reduced contamination-related interpretive bias, relative to control training (Beadel et al, 2016;Conley & Wu, 2018) and when the training material was not related to contamination concerns (i.e., acrophobia; Beadel et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies examining the effectiveness of CBM-I specifically in individuals with heightened contamination concerns have similarly reported mixed results (Beadel et al, 2016;Conley & Wu, 2018). These studies matched the CBM-I training material to the target population and showed that this significantly reduced contamination-related interpretive bias, relative to control training (Beadel et al, 2016;Conley & Wu, 2018) and when the training material was not related to contamination concerns (i.e., acrophobia; Beadel et al, 2016). However, only Conley and Wu (2018) showed that CBM-I was associated with less behavioural avoidance of contaminants on their behavioural approach task.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Modifying Interpretive Bias on Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

Wong

Scharfenberg

Krause

et al. 2022

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) propose that a tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous thoughts and situations plays a key role in maintaining the disorder. Moreover, some researchers have proposed that negative interpretive biases may share a common processing mechanism with attentional biases, with changes in one predicted to lead to changes in the other. The current study examined whether training positive (i.e., adaptive) interpretive bias of contamination-related OCD concerns using a cognitive bias modification paradigm (CBM-I) would lead to reductions in contamination concerns, as well as changes in contamination-related attentional bias. Undergraduate students with high levels of contamination-related OCD symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either positive (n = 31) or neutral (n = 33) CBM-I training. Participants in the positive training condition, relative to the neutral training condition, showed a significantly greater increase in positive interpretive bias, significantly less within-session behavioural avoidance of contaminants, and significantly reduced contamination-related cognitions (at one-week follow-up). Contrary to expectations, CBM-I training did not differentially impact attentional bias nor self-reported contamination-related OCD symptoms. We discuss future directions in applying CBM-I to contamination-related OCD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Modifying Interpretive Bias on Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

Wong

Scharfenberg

Krause

et al. 2022

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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show abstract

“…Several psychological models have been introduced to examine the etiology, maintenance, and severity of OCD, and currently, the CBT model has the most experimental support (Conley & Wu, 2018). According to this model, the manner of interpreting and paying attention to unwanted and troublesome thoughts and impulses causes distress and leads to repetitive and ritualistic behaviors (Clayton, Richards, & Edwards, 1999;Clerkin & Teachman, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

Online Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation for Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Nasiry

Ameli

Pezeshki

2020

PCP

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Objective: Numerous children with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) either have no access to its main treatment, i.e. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or fail to respond to it. Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation (CBMI) is a novel and promising intervention that targets the incorrect interpretation of intrusive thoughts and impulses, i.e. the characteristics of OCD. The present study aimed to determine the effects of CBMI in children with OCD for the first time. Besides, we evaluated the possibility of online implementation of this intervention. Methods: A sample of 35 children with OCD (aged 7-12 years) were randomly assigned to two study groups. The experimental group (n=18) received CBMI and the controls (n=17) received placebo treatment. Interpretation bias and OCD severity were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up stages, using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Child Version (OCICV), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-Child Version (OBQCV), and Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST). The present study results were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Paired Samples t-test. Results: The collected findings demonstrated that after receiving CBMI, children’s propensity to positively interpret ambiguous situations was increased, their tendency towards negative interpretation and OCD severity was also decreased. There was no such significant change in the control group. Furthermore, the effects of CBMI was sustained at the 2-month follow-up step. Conclusion: This study provided preliminary evidence that suggests CBMI is capable of modifying interpretation bias in children with OCD, can reduce the severity of their disorder, and works as an online intervention. This brief and inexpensive intervention could be considered as an auxiliary or standalone treatment for OCD in children.

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Cognitive Bias Modification Training to Change Interpretation Biases

Salemink

Woud²,

Bouwman³

et al. 2023

CBT: Science Into Practice

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According to cognitive models of psychopathology, many psychological disorders are characterized by interpretation biases and a great body of research has provided empirical support for this claim (Harvey et al., 2004;Schoth & Liossi, 2017). This assumption has been especially influential with respect to emotional disorders (Hirsch et al., 2016;Mathews & Macleod, 2005). To illustrate, depressed or anxious individuals are, compared to non-anxious individuals, more likely to interpret disorder-relevant ambiguity in a negative or threatening manner (Hirsch et al., 2016); individuals suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) will appraise the experienced traumatic event and its consequences in a dysfunctional manner (Brown et al., 2019;McNally & Woud, 2019), and interpreting normal intrusive thoughts (e.g., "I will jump in front of the train") as threatening is a core problem in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (Salkovskis, 1985).Cognitive models not only argue that psychopathology is associated with biased interpretations, but that these biases play a critical role in the etiology and mainte-

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Experimental modification of dysfunctional interpretations in individuals with contamination concerns

Abstract: Completion of the CBM-I was beneficial for reducing dysfunctional interpretations relevant to naturally-occurring contamination concerns and, importantly, this reduction may help those individuals approach feared situations.

Cited by 9 publications

References 81 publications

The Impact of Modifying Interpretive Bias on Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

The Impact of Modifying Interpretive Bias on Contamination-Related Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms

Online Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretation for Children With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Cognitive Bias Modification Training to Change Interpretation Biases

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