Experimental modification of direction-finding inTalitrus saltator (Montagu) andTalorchestia deshayesei (Aud.) (crustacea-amphipoda)

Pardi, L.; Grassi, M.

doi:10.1007/bf02161321

Cited by 57 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The use of other sepsory modes can only be inferred from studies of different crustaceans (Waterman 1961) . As has been shown by Grassi (Pardi andPapi 1952, 1953;Pardi 1953, 1963;Pardi and Grassi 1955; for related European beach hoppers, and by Enright ( 1961) for our 0. corniculata, these animals are certainly able to rely on the solar and lunar positions for orientation to the direction of the sea. Movement to find optimal moisture conditions is relative to the sun or moon position, or under an overcast sky to polarized sky light, or to prevailing onshore winds , slope of the beach, horizon differences, vibrations produced by the surf (both sound and slower vibrations in the sand), or a combination of several of these.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This has led to the postulation (see Pardi and Papi 1953 for Talitrus saltator) that the degree of moisture in the substrate represents the factor upon which the hoppers depend for location in relation to distances from the surf. Since the sea is at once the provider of nutrients, moisture, and the sandy substrate as well as the source of violence and perhaps extinction in the jaws of some surf fish, these hoppers live in a somewhat precarious position.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensing of the proper position on the beach is thus of extre111e importance. This has led to the postulation (see Pardi and Papi 1953 for Talitrus saltator) that the degree of moisture in the substrate represents the factor upon which the hoppers depend for location in relation to distances from the surf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural History of Two Beach Hoppers of the Genus Orchestoidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) with Reference to their Complemental Distribution

Bowers¹

1964

Ecology

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Beach hoppers of the genus Orchestoidea, abundant amphipods of the sandy beaches of central California, all live in similar ecological positions on these shores. In this study, differences mainly between the two large species 0. californiana and 0. corniculata are examined.Competition for burrows between hoppers of the same species is commonly observed. In the early morning hours, large males may be seen fighting for possession of holes left open the night before. Fighting is presumably less energy-consuming than digging a burrow, but since most pugnacity is shown by mature males, possession of a burrow already occupied by a female is also of prime importance. Skirmishes for food items are likewise to be seen.Beach hoppers are eaten by an array of avian predators, mostly diurnal birds, and there is evidence that raccoons, moles, humans, beetles, and other animals take a toll of the hopper populations.Several species of Orchestoidea occur on each of many beaches, but interspecific strife has not been seen often. 0. corniculata sometimes occurs at the ends of beaches otherwise dominated by 0. californian-a, but the reverse situation has never been found. 0. californian-a is a hopper of long, exposed, flat beaches which are made up of quite fine, well-sorted sands. These shores are commonly backed by dunes or possess wide berms into which the animals can retreat. 0. corniculata, on the other hand, is a hopper of short, protected, steep beaches which are made up of fine to coarse, commonly poorly sorted sands. These shores are backed by cliffs or boulder piles preventing escape to the backshore. In the laboratory, individuals of the two species tested for sand size preferences showed 0. californian-a on the average burrowing in finer sand than did the average 0. corniculata. 0. californiana has relatively longer appendages than 0. corniculata. An analysis, however, indicates no appreciable difference between the two species in the relation of weight and length of the main body mass. Measurements of gill volumes indicate that 0. californian-a possesses relatively larger gills.Large 0. californian-a are commonly found in burrows high up on the beach in dry zones relatively far from the reach of the surf, and there they dig holes elliptical in cross section with the entire burrow an open shaft. The sand is actively kicked out onto the surface in two directions. This open burrow, plugged at the top, is used by 0. californian-a perhaps because oxygen does not percolate so well in the fine sand in which these burrows are constructed, and because these hoppers may need a rapid escape to the surface to avoid cutting surf on their exposed beaches. 0. corniculata is never found in the high and dry beach zones; its holes are more nearly circular in cross section; the burrow consists only of an air chamber immediately surrounding the hopper ; and the sand is merely pushed onto the surface in a rounded heap. This type of burrow can be dug in fine or coarse sands.In the laboratory, 0. corniculata dug faster than 0. californian-a i...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural History of Two Beach Hoppers of the Genus Orchestoidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) with Reference to their Complemental Distribution

Bowers¹

1964

Ecology

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“…The effect of the temperature change in a moderate range seems rather different among species. In the sun orientation of Talitrus, a cold treatment ( 4-6 oq had no effect on the phase of the internal clock, but an exposure to higher temperature (35-3rC) caused a slight advancing phase-shift (PARDI and GRASSI, 1955). The case was found opposite in the time sense of bees; a low temperature pulse ( 4-7 oq had some effect, while a high temperature one (32-35 oq had no effect (KALMUS, 1934;RENNER, 1957).…”

Section: Pt=pb-smentioning

confidence: 90%

On Some Physiological Aspects in the Daily Rhythmic Activity of the Sea-Pen, Cavernularia Obesa Valenciennes

Imafuku¹

1973

Publ. SMBL

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Some efforts have been made in these experiments to see whether or not the fluctuation of hydrogen ion concentration of the body fluid can truly be a driving force of the rhythmic behavior, by injection of acidified sea water or changing of the metabolic rate by thermal treatments. The results are as folllows:(1) A phase-shift was induced by the injection of acidified sea water. (2) The temperature coefficients of oxygen-consumption and the period of rhythm were 2.53 and 1.00 respectively from 20 to 30°C. (3) The phase of rhythm was shifted by a sudden temperature change in a certain range. (4) Rarely, an active expanded state was omitted without a phase-shift. As far as the results obtained are concerned it seems difficult to attribute the rhythmic behavior definitely to the fluctuation of hydrogen ion concentration of the body fluid. Contents

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“…Circadian clocks in animals regulate the timing of molecular, physiological and behavioural rhythms (Levine et al 2002). Pardi and Grassi (1955) noted that the nocturnal surface locomotor activity rhythm was phase-shifted by experimental photoperiod suggesting that the rhythm may also be controlled by an endogenous "clock mechanism". The phase response curve (PRC) is universal, from unicellular to man, which differs from one species to another by the extent of both delay and advance phases and even within the same species, it differs from one individual to another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response curves and free-running period of the circadian locomotor rhythm ofTalitrus saltator(Crustacea: Amphipoda)

Ayari-Akkari

Nasri–Ammar

2013

Biological Rhythm Research

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The amphipod, Talitrus saltator is a supralittoral species inhabits non-permanent burrows along the sandy beach. Its locomotor activity rhythm is largely studied in several beaches and by several authors. The present study was performed in order to better understand the limits of entraining of the locomotor rhythm of this species. The recording was carried in 30 specimens maintained individually, for the first six days in continuous darkness followed by light pulses of 3 h in constant darkness entraining all hours of the day, six days of recording separates the two successive pulses. After the experiment, the phase response curve is constructed to determine the sensitivity of this nocturnal species to light pulses.

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Experimental modification of direction-finding inTalitrus saltator (Montagu) andTalorchestia deshayesei (Aud.) (crustacea-amphipoda)

Cited by 57 publications

References 6 publications

Natural History of Two Beach Hoppers of the Genus Orchestoidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) with Reference to their Complemental Distribution

Natural History of Two Beach Hoppers of the Genus Orchestoidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) with Reference to their Complemental Distribution

On Some Physiological Aspects in the Daily Rhythmic Activity of the Sea-Pen, Cavernularia Obesa Valenciennes

Response curves and free-running period of the circadian locomotor rhythm ofTalitrus saltator(Crustacea: Amphipoda)

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