Experimental Models of Fracture Repair

Nunamaker, David M.

doi:10.1097/00003086-199810001-00007

Cited by 205 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Our results confirm previous results, which showed that reindeer bone extract has good osteoconductivity both in [5,6,9]. It is known that the animal and fracture models, delivery systems and route of administration influence the dose response in bone healing studies [16]. Above a certain threshold, BF cannot be further enhanced as was seen in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Reindeer bone extract can heal the critical-size rat femur defect

Tölli

Kujala

Jämsä

et al. 2010

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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Bone extract from reindeer induces new ectopic bone formation (BF) in muscle pouches, but its feasibility in experimental bone lesions has not been evaluated. We investigated the effects of implants, containing 2, 5, 15, 20 or 50 mg of reindeer bone extract in a collagen carrier, on the healing of 8-mm femur defects in 78 rats. We used 30 µg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in a collagen carrier, collagen and untreated defects as controls. Bone healing was evaluated with radiographs, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), biomechanics and histology. In comparison with empty defects, the groups receiving bone extracts showed more BF at three weeks and had better bone union (BU), larger mean cross-sectional bone area at the defect site in groups receiving higher doses of extract, showed greater torsional stiffness of the bones and higher maximum breaking load of bones at six weeks. In comparison to all other groups, in the rhBMP-2 group, BF and BU were best at the three-and six-week follow-up, bone area was largest and mechanical test results were best. Although rhBMP-2 is superior for new bone regeneration, native reindeer bone extract is also effective in the six-week follow-up period.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Reindeer bone extract can heal the critical-size rat femur defect

Tölli

Kujala

Jämsä

et al. 2010

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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“…11 Unfortunately, almost all previous studies are based on experiments in rodents; clinical studies in humans are rare. 12 Nevertheless, our previous investigation in bone regeneration have shown that peripheral serum blood analysis may be a valid method for detecting complex human biochemical activities. 13 Therefore, we used a protocol that we established previously in our research on bone regeneration to determine whether sCD95L serum levels were upregulated in SCI patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase in soluble CD95L during subacute phases after human spinal cord injury: a potential therapeutic target

et al. 2012

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Study design: A pilot study measuring the levels of serum-soluble CD95 ligand (CD95L) in eight spinal cord-injured patients. Objectives: To determine the soluble concentration of CD95L in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients after trauma. Methods: We collected blood samples from eight patients with acute traumatic SCI. Soluble CD95L serum levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) was determined according to ASIA classification. The patients were monitored, and venous blood was drawn after arrival at the hospital on the 1st and 3rd day and during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after trauma. Results: The average patient age was 48.1 years (18-86 years). Three patients were paraplegic (two incomplete, one complete), five were quadriplegic (one complete, four incomplete). The serum concentration of soluble CD95L (sCD95L) decreased during the 1st week (41 ng l À1 ) and increased after the 2nd week in all eight patients. It peaked during the 4th week (68.5 ng l À1 ) and reached a plateau during the 12th week (76.2 ng l À1 ). There are many possible explanations for not being able to detect a statistical significance, one of course being the small sample size. Conclusion: Promising results for anti-CD95L therapy have already been documented in lab studies with rodents. Anti-CD95L blocks the pro-apoptotic and proinflammatory activity of membrane-bound CD95L during the acute phase of SCI. We observed that sCD95L levels are elevated during the subacute and intermediate phases of SCI. It would be of great interest to study a larger group of patients to determine whether higher sCD95 levels are correlated with improved or impaired neurological outcome or with increasing levels of autoimmune components in peripheral blood.

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“…As only the radius had been osteotomised, no fixation was applied, and the animals used both extremities effectively. The health status of the rats was monitored daily [6,9,15,16,22] After the procedure, X-rays of the limbs were taken while the rats were still anaesthetized, and the rats were observed until they recovered.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demineralized bone matrix and hydroxyapatite/tri-calcium phosphate mixture for bone healing in rats

Öztürk

Yetkin

Memış

et al. 2006

International Orthopaedics (SICO

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Purpose: Hydroxyapatite/tri-calcium phosphate (HA/TCP) mixture is an osteoconductive material used as a bone graft substitute, and demineralised bone matrix (DBM) is an osteoinductive material. A combination of DBM and HA/TCP mixture would probably create a composite with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of DBM and HA/TCP mixture on healing of rat radius segmental defects. Methods: Twentyfour adult male Wistar rats were used. Bilateral radial defects were created in each animal. Radial defects were implanted with DBM, HA/TCP mixture and a combination of both substances. Control defects were left unfilled. Ten weeks after implantation, the animals were sacrificed, and the radii were evaluated by radiograhic and histopathological studies. Results: The use of DBM alone demonstrated improved healing on radiographic and histological studies compared to other groups and the control group. There were no differences between the other two groups and the control group. Conclusion: The DBM group showed the best healing response. Combined use of DBM and HA/ TCP mixture did not improve bone healing, and the osteoinductive properties of DBM were inhibited by HA/ TCP mixture. Chaque animal était préparé avec un defect radial bilatéral. Les radius droits des rats ont été implantés soit avec DBM, soit avec HA/TCP isolée, soit avec une combinaison des deux substances, le radius gauche servant de contrôle. Dix semaines après l'implantation, les animaux ont été sacrifiés et les os ont été évalués sur la plan radiographique et histopathologique. L'utilisation de DBM isolée montre une amélioration de la guérison sur le plan radiographique et histologique. On ne retrouve pas de différence avec les autres groupes. En conclusion, le groupe DBM montre une bonne réponse sur le plan de la consolidation. L'utilisation d'une mixture DBM et HA/TCP n'entraîne pas une amélioration et une guérison, les propriétés d'ostéo induction du DBM étant inhibées par le mélange HA/TCP.

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Experimental Models of Fracture Repair

Cited by 205 publications

References 63 publications

Reindeer bone extract can heal the critical-size rat femur defect

Reindeer bone extract can heal the critical-size rat femur defect

Increase in soluble CD95L during subacute phases after human spinal cord injury: a potential therapeutic target

Demineralized bone matrix and hydroxyapatite/tri-calcium phosphate mixture for bone healing in rats

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