Experimental models of arthritis

Washburn, Leigh Rice

doi:10.1016/b978-012583806-1/50149-8

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Mycoplasmas may infect the respiratory and genitourinary tracts, mammary glands and joints of animals and humans [20]. It has been difficult to determine the etiological agents of rheumatoid arthritis in humans due to its multifactorial nature, but animal models have proved to be helpful in these regards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental arthritis induced by a clinical Mycoplasma fermentans isolate

Rivera

Yáñez

León-Tello

et al. 2002

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background: Mycoplasma fermentans has been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, it was detected in the joints and blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but it is not clear yet how the bacteria enter the body and reach the joints. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of M. fermentans to induce experimental arthritis in rabbits following inoculation of the bacteria in the trachea and knee joints.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental arthritis induced by a clinical Mycoplasma fermentans isolate

Rivera

Yáñez

León-Tello

et al. 2002

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…M. arthritidis-induced arthritis has been extensively studied and characterized over the last several decades (11,13,51); however, until recently virulence factors have remained obscure. In recent years, more information regarding mechanisms of host-parasite interaction has become available, and a number of factors that could play important roles in the disease process have been identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Mycoplasma arthritidis Variable Surface Protein MAA2

Washburn

Weaver

et al. 1998

Infect Immun

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Earlier studies implied a role for Mycoplasma arthritidis surface protein MAA2 in cytadherence and virulence and showed that it exhibited both size and phase variability. Here we report the further analysis of MAA2 and the cloning and sequencing of the maa2 gene from two M. arthritidis strains, 158p10p9 and H606, expressing two size variants of MAA2. Triton X-114 partitioning and metabolic labeling with [3H]palmitic acid suggested lipid modification of MAA2. Surface exposure of the C terminus was indicated by cleavage of monoclonal antibody-specific epitopes from intact cells by carboxypeptidase Y. The maa2genes from both strains were highly conserved, consisting largely of six (for 158p10p9) or five (for H606) nearly identical, 264-bp tandem direct repeats. The deduced amino acid sequence predicted a largely hydrophilic, highly basic protein with a 29-amino-acid lipoprotein signal peptide. The maa2 gene was expressed inEscherichia coli from the lacZ promoter of vector pGEM-T. The recombinant product was approximately 3 kDa larger than the native protein, suggesting that the signal peptide was not processed in E. coli. The maa2 gene and upstream DNA sequences were cloned from M. arthritidisclonal variants differing in MAA2 expression state. Expression state correlated with the length of a poly(T) tract just upstream of a putative −10 box. Full-sized recombinant MAA2 was expressed inE. coli from genes derived from both ON and OFF expression variants, indicating that control of expression did not include alterations within the coding region.

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“…arthritidis is a natural arthrogenic species in rodents and produces joint disease by intravenous inoculation (15). However, the species isolated from human synovial fluids produce a similar disease in chimpanzee if inoculated intraarticularly but not intravenously (1,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Rabbit cartilage cells have been suggested to study the arthrogenicity of mycoplasmas from rodents and humans (15). M arthritidis produces superantigen MAM, shares membrane antigens with rat or human chondrocytes and produce immunocomplexes.…”

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Sensitivity of rabbit fibrochondrocytes to mycoplasmas

Nascimento¹,

Figueiredo²,

Timenetsky³

2002

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Primary cell culture from rabbit meniscus (fibrochondrocytes-FcrC) was infected for 24 hours with different inocula (10 2 to 10 7 Colony Forming Units-CFU) of Mycoplasma hominis PG-21, M. pneumoniae FH and 1428 or M. arthritidis PG-6. The severity of the different obtained cytophatic effects-CPE was inoculum, Mycoplasma species and strain dependant. These bacteria were recovered from all infected FcrC and the SP4 medium for mycoplasmas also caused toxic effect on the FcrC. It was concluded that rabbit fibrochondrocytes were sensitive to mycoplasma infection, as well as to the SP4 mycoplasma medium. Mycoplasmas have between 200 to 400nm, lack the cell wall, self-replicate, are wide spread in nature and may cause diseases. Some biologic features of these bacteria explain partially their role in hosts. Many cytogenetic effects have been described in cell cultures infected accidentally or experimentally with mycoplasmas. Meantime the mycoplasmas can stress the infected cell and may not kill it. Although this infection in cell culture invalidates some laboratory results, still cell cultures are useful and important tools to study the biology of mycoplasmas and to minimize the use of experimental animals (6,8).In humans Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a well-documented respiratory pathogen. However, species from normal flora of oral or urogenital tract may cause usual or unusual infections but rarely cause death. Septic arthritis by mycoplasmas in humans is unusual and hypogamaglobulinaemia is almost always present (2).M. arthritidis is a natural arthrogenic species in rodents and produces joint disease by intravenous inoculation (15). However, the species isolated from human synovial fluids produce a similar disease in chimpanzee if inoculated Despite of the known effects of mycoplasmas on cell cultures and the joint disease caused by them in humans it was proposed to use as a choice the rabbit meniscus cell culture (16) in order to verify this cell sensitivity to M. hominis, M. pneumoniae and M. arthritidis. Mycoplasma hominis PG-21, M. hominis 1620 (synovial fluid isolate), M. pneumoniae-FH, M. pneumoniae 1428 (nasopharynx isolate) and M. arthritidis PG-6 were cultured in 100 mL of SP4 broth. Cultures were separated in aliquots of 1.0 mL, stored at -70°C and quantified for determination of Colony Forming Units-CFU after freezing (8). Fibrochondrocytes culture-FcrC was obtained from the meniscuses of knees (lateral and medial) of New Zealand rabbits with 120 day-old weighting between 1.5 and 2.0 Kg. The tissue was removed and washed in PBS pH 7.5 with 40mg/mL of gentamicin. Soon after it was transferred to a Minimum Essential Medium of Eagle, modified by Dulbecco (DMEM) in balanced saline

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Experimental models of arthritis

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Experimental arthritis induced by a clinical Mycoplasma fermentans isolate

Experimental arthritis induced by a clinical Mycoplasma fermentans isolate

Molecular Characterization of Mycoplasma arthritidis Variable Surface Protein MAA2

Sensitivity of rabbit fibrochondrocytes to mycoplasmas

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