Experimental Models for Fungal Keratitis: An Overview of Principles and Protocols

Montgomery, Micaela L.; Fuller, Kevin K.

doi:10.3390/cells9071713

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…Given these disparate results, it remains to be tested whether the P. aeruginosa-FLC synergy is broadly relevant for vertebrate co-infections with Candida. It will be crucial to determine which mechanisms, beyond iron homeostasis, regulate P. aeruginosa-FLC synergy in vitro and then test those mechanisms in zebrafish and additional infection models such as the mouse cornea (74)(75)(76).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonassynergizes with fluconazole againstCandidaduring treatment of polymicrobial infection

Hattab

Dagher

Wheeler

2021

Preprint

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Polymicrobial infections are challenging to treat because we don’t fully understand how pathogens interact during infection and how these interactions affect drug efficacy. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are opportunistic pathogens that can be found in similar sites of infection such as in burn wounds and most importantly in the lungs of CF and mechanically ventilated patients. C. albicans is particularly difficult to treat because of the paucity of antifungal agents, some of which lack fungicidal activity. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of anti-fungal treatment during C. albicans-P. aeruginosa co-culture in vitro and co-infection in the mucosal zebrafish infection model analogous to the lung. We find that P. aeruginosa enhances the activity of fluconazole (FLC), an anti-fungal drug that is fungistatic in vitro, to promote both clearance of C. albicans during co-infection in vivo and fungal killing in vitro. This synergy between FLC treatment andbacterial antagonism is partly due to iron piracy, as it is reduced upon iron supplementation and knockout of bacterial siderophores. Our work demonstrates that FLC has enhanced activity in clinically relevant contexts and highlights the need to understand antimicrobial effectiveness in the complex environment of the host with its associated microbial communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonassynergizes with fluconazole againstCandidaduring treatment of polymicrobial infection

Hattab

Dagher

Wheeler

2021

Preprint

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“…The antifungal activity of AMP-B encapsulated dissolving MN arrays was tested against Candida albicans (NCTC 3179) and Aspergillus niger (CABI 017454) by using the agar diffusion method since these genera are common causative agents of fungal infection [41]. In brief, 1 mL of activated fungal growth, either Candida albicans (1.5-5x106 CFU/mL) or Aspergillus niger (2-3x10⁴ CFU/mL) were pipetted into the sterile plastic plate, and 15 mL, of sterile molting SDA, 1% agar was poured into the same plate and moved gently for good mixing and dispersing of fungal suspension with medium, and the plate was left to solidify.…”

Section: In Vitro Antifungal Activity Of Amp-b Encapsulated Within Dissolving Mnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly Dissolving Microneedle Patch of Amphotericin-B for Intracorneal Fungal Infections.

Albadr

Tekko

Vora

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Chronic fungal infection of the cornea could lead to blindness if not treated properly. Topical AMP-B is considered the first treatment of choice for ocular fungal infection. However, factors related to its poor solubility and penetration through intact cornea leads to poor bioavailability. Microneedles (MNs) are emerging as a minimally-invasive method to enhance ocular drug delivery. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential use of biodegradable poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) based rapidly dissolving MNs for delivery of AMP-B to treat fungal infection. The data obtained illustrates PVP/HA MN arrays' reproducibility, good mechanical strength, and faster dissolution with 100% drug recovery. Multiphoton microscopic results revealed that MNs as microdevice successfully penetrate the corneal tissue and enhance AMP-B permeation through corneal layers. Furthermore, PVP/HA MNs arrays showed high solubility. Both PVP and HA successfully decreased AMP-B cytotoxicity when compared to free drug. More interestingly, the biocompatible MN formulations preserved the antifungal activity of AMP-B, as demonstrated by significant inhibition of fungal growth. Therefore, this study shows the feasibility of ocular delivery of the poorly soluble AMP-B using a fast-dissolving MN patch.

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“…[1] Among corneal diseases, the major cause of blindness is microbial keratitis. [2] Ocular ulceration and trauma are major causes of corneal blindness, often sub-related, but may be responsible for 1.5-2.0 million new cases of monocular blindness per year. Furthermore, the incidence of corneal diseases varies from nation to others and also from population to population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] A major cause of microbial keratitis is fungal keratitis. [2] An increase in its occurrence has been conveyed in recent years, but in terms of diagnosis and treatment, the disease is still a challenge. [4][5][6][7] Among the prevalent causes of fungal keratitis worldwide are Aspergillus and Fusarium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of fungal keratitis in Libya: An epidemiological study

Atia

Ashour

Alfaigh³

2021

AUJMSR

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of eye fungal infection among patients attending the eye hospital in Tripoli city, Libya. Materials and Methods: Seventy-one patients with ocular fungal infections were subjected to clinical and microbiological investigations. They were selected from patients attending the Tripoli Eye Hospital. The specimens of the external ocular infections were collected using sterile swab and inoculated to different culture media. Data were presented as count and percentages. Results: The current findings showed that Aspergillus was the most common causative agent, being responsible for 91.54% of the all cases, followed by Candida albicans (8.46%). Conclusion: Occurrence of fungal keratitis gradually increased in the years after 2009, especially after 2013. Knowledge of the pathological course and clinical features of fungal keratitis will undoubtedly bead in early diagnosis and treatment, with reduction in ocular morbidity.

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Experimental Models for Fungal Keratitis: An Overview of Principles and Protocols

Cited by 22 publications

References 92 publications

Pseudomonassynergizes with fluconazole againstCandidaduring treatment of polymicrobial infection

Pseudomonassynergizes with fluconazole againstCandidaduring treatment of polymicrobial infection

Rapidly Dissolving Microneedle Patch of Amphotericin-B for Intracorneal Fungal Infections.

Incidence of fungal keratitis in Libya: An epidemiological study

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