Experimental model of distraction osteogenesis in edentulous rats

Abstract

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a surgical technique producing bone lengthening by distraction of the fracture callus. Although a large number of experimental studies on the events associated with DO of craniofacial skeleton have been reported, the few employing rat mandibular bone DO used complicated designs and produced a small volume of newly formed bone. Thus, this study aims to present an original experimental model of mandibular DO in edentulous rats that produces a sufficient quantity and quality of intramembranous bone. Eight male Wistar rats, weighing 75 g, underwent extraction of lower molars. With rats weighing 350 g, right mandibular osteotomy was performed and the distraction device was placed. The distraction device was custom made using micro-implants, expansion screws, and acrylic resin. Study protocol: latency: 6 days, distraction: ¼ turn (0.175 mm) once a day during 6 d, consolidation: 28 d after distraction phase, sacrifice. DO-treated and contralateral hemimandibles were dissected and compared macroscopically and using radiographic studies. Histological sections were obtained and stained with H&E. A distraction gap filled with newly formed and mature bone tissue was obtained. This model of mandibular DO proved useful to obtain adequate quantity and quality of bone to study bone regeneration

Experimental Design of Vertical Distraction Osteogenesis Using Simple 3 Screws

“…In this study, the traction rate was 1 mm/d, which is considered the most suitable traction rate. [9][10][11] Some experts also recommended a delay of 5 to 7 days before starting to pull tissue, 12 whereas Snyder et al 13 recommended 1 week, and Karp et al 14 recommended a delay of 10 days. Some scholars studied this phenomenon.…”

“…This result was consistent with the research from many scholars. 11,[19][20][21] Studies have confirmed that collagen-I is mainly expressed in osteoblasts around healing tissues and can induce the transformation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts through collagen-integrin. [22][23][24] Collagen-I can affect cell differentiation by binding the amino acid sequence of the internal Asp-Gly-Glu-Ala (DGEA) α1 chain and the cell surface α2β1 integrin.…”

Strontium Ranelate Reduces Duration of Consolidation Phase in Distraction Osteogenesis: 2 Case Reports

“…Recently, usages of certain anti osteoporotic drugs have surfaced to promote bone healing. Many animal studies have demonstrated that these drugs can positively influence fracture repair and implant osseointegration [12,15]. Such examples of drugs are teraparatide (PTH), strontium ranelate, bisphosphonates and calcium supplements.…”

“…In experimental studies in rats, it was found that strontium ranelate could promote fracture healing, increase callus volume, increase biomechanical strength and improving callus microstructural properties, without any negative effect on natural fracture healing progress [13]. In another animal study comparing strontium ranelate and PTH, it was found that both drugs increase callus volume but only strontium ranelae increases resistance to torsional testing [15]. The superior results obtained with strontium ranelate compared to PTH could be the consequence of a better quality of the new bone formed within the callus.…”

“…Strontium ranelate is used in treatment of osteoporosis. It has dual action; stimulates osteoblastic activity and inhibits osteoclastic activity [9,[11][12][13][14][15]. It is widely used in treatment of osteoporosis and to prevent fractures in elderly population.…”