Experimental Measurements of a Joint 5G-VLC Communication for Future Vehicular Networks

Lim

et al. 2021

In this study, two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) based on the internet of things (IoT) is proposed as a remote research equipment sharing system, which enables the remote sharing economy. IoT modules, where data are transmitted to and received from the remote users in the web service via IoT, instead of a data acquisition (DAQ) system embedded in the conventional TPLSM, are installed in the IoT-based TPLSM (IoT-TPLSM). The performance for each IoT module is evaluated independently, and it is confirmed that it works well even in a personal computer-free environment. In addition, a message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol is applied to the DAQ interface in the web service, and a graphic user interface for enabling the remote users to operate IoT-TPLSM remotely is also designed and implemented. For the image acquisition demonstration, the stained cellular images and the autofluorescent tissue images are obtained in IoT-TPLSM. Lastly, it is confirmed that the comparable performance is provided with the conventional TPLSM by evaluating the imaging conditions and qualities of the three-dimensional image stacks processed in IoT-TPLSM.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IoT-Based Research Equipment Sharing System for Remotely Controlled Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy

Lim

et al. 2021

“…Recent trends in improvements in urban road traffic provide a direction of research to common platforms creation for the intelligent management of sensor networks, having as the main objective the assurance of appropriate real-time decisions in different environmental conditions [ 2 ]. To improve the sensor data collection and transmission, new technologies can be used such as 5G and VLC (visible-light communication) [ 3 ]. The energy consumption is one of the major current problems in road monitoring systems, and smart solutions for energy savings are welcomed [ 4 ].…”

Section: Literature Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Solution Combining Kalman Filtering with Takagi–Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System for Online Car-Following Model Calibration

Pop

Proştean

David

et al. 2020

Nowadays, the intelligent transportation concept has become one of the most important research fields. All of us depend on mobility, even when we talk about people, provide services, or move goods. Researchers have tried to create and test different transportation models that can optimize traffic flow through road networks and, implicitly, reduce travel times. To validate these new models, the necessity of having a calibration process defined has emerged. Calibration is mandatory in the modeling process because it ensures the achievement of a model closer to the real system. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new multidisciplinary approach combining microscopic traffic modeling theory with intelligent control systems concepts like fuzzy inference in the traffic model calibration. The chosen Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy inference system proves its adaptive capacity for real-time systems. This concept will be applied to the specific microscopic car-following model parameters in combination with a Kalman filter. The results will demonstrate how the microscopic traffic model parameters can adapt based on real data to prove the model validity.

“…Therefore, the VLC technology has the potential to reuse the existing lighting infrastructure to deliver add-on functionality in a cost-effective manner that can be adopted in future smart indoor and outdoor environments. The outdoor lighting infrastructure covers a variety of LED-based luminaries that range from street lights, traffic lights, to car lights, which have inspired the use of VLC in infrastructure-to-vehicular (I2V) and vehicular-to-vehicular (V2V) communications [ 10 , 11 ]. Experiments using existing traffic lights and car lights as transmitters have been reported to demonstrate the feasibility of VLC in the outdoor I2V/V2V communications [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 40 Mb/s VLC System Reusing an Existing Large LED Panel in an Indoor Office Environment

Ghassemlooy

Zvánovec

et al. 2021

With advances in solid-state lighting, visible light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to enhance existing light-emitting diode (LED)-based lighting infrastructure by adding data communication capabilities to the illumination functionality. The last decade has witnessed the evolution of the VLC concept through global standardisation and product launches. Deploying VLC systems typically requires replacing existing light sources with new luminaires that are equipped with data communication functionality. To save the investment, it is clearly desirable to make the most of the existing illumination systems. This paper investigates the feasibility of adding data communication functionality to the existing lighting infrastructure. We do this by designing an experimental system in an indoor environment based on an off-the-shelf LED panel typically used in office environments, with the dimensions of 60 × 60 cm2. With minor modifications, the VLC function is implemented, and all of the modules of the LED panel are fully reused. A data rate of 40 Mb/s is supported at a distance of up to 2 m while using the multi-band carrierless amplitude and phase (CAP) modulation. Two main limiting factors for achieving higher data rates are observed. The first factor is the limited bandwidth of the LED string inside the panel. The second is the flicker due to the residual ripple of the bias current that is generated by the panel’s driver. Flicker is introduced by the low-cost driver, which provides bias currents that fluctuate in the low frequency range (less than several kilohertz). This significantly reduces the transmitter’s modulation depth. Concurrently, the driver can also introduce an effect that is similar to baseline wander at the receiver if the flicker is not completely filtered out. We also proposed a solution based on digital signal processing (DSP) to mitigate the flicker issue at the receiver side and its effectiveness has been confirmed.