Experimental measurements in the BYU controlled profile reactor

Tree, Dale R.; Black, Dan A.; Rigby, James R.; McQuay, M.Q.; Webb, Brent W.

doi:10.1016/s0360-1285(97)00017-8

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…13,16 Two-color pyrometry uses two wavelengths in the visible spectral region to calculate the particle temperature. Other techniques, using three wavelengths, called multi-color pyrometry, also exist.…”

Section: −16mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the extensive experimental work in the controlled profile reactor at Brigham Young University, measurements of the particle temperature, particle number density, particle size, and radiative heat flux were carried out. 13 In addition to the measurements, Mietheory-based particle modeling was performed to calculate the radiative heat flux in the reactor with the discrete ordinates method. 12 A comprehensive data set for the measured flames was presented, but because two-color pyrometry was used, it was not possible to separate soot from coal/char or ash radiation and the soot volume fraction could not be measured with the equipment used.…”

Section: −16mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement and Modeling of Particle Radiation in Coal Flames

et al. 2014

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This work aims at developing a methodology that can provide information of in-flame particle radiation in industrial-scale flames. The method is based on a combination of experimental and modeling work. The experiments have been performed in the high-temperature zone of a 77 kW th swirling lignite flame. Spectral radiation, total radiative intensity, gas temperature, and gas composition were measured, and the radiative intensity in the furnace was modeled with an axisymmetric cylindrical radiation model using Mie theory for the particle properties and a statistical narrow-band model for the gas properties. The in-flame particle radiation was measured with a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer connected to a watercooled probe via fiber optics. In the cross-section of the flame investigated, the particles were found to be the dominating source of radiation. Apart from giving information about particle radiation and temperature, the methodology can also provide estimates of the amount of soot radiation and the maximum contribution from soot radiation compared to the total particle radiation. In the center position in the flame, the maximum contribution from soot radiation was estimated to be less than 40% of the particle radiation. As a validation of the methodology, the modeled total radiative intensity was compared to the total intensity measured with a narrow angle radiometer and the agreement in the results was good, supporting the validity of the used approach.

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Section: −16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: −16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Modeling of Particle Radiation in Coal Flames

et al. 2014

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“…Tree et al [35] applied Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS) to remotely determine gas temperatures in a controlled profile reactor. [35] The developmental work and testing of the CAR spectrometer is, however, not discussed in the paper and is only referred to as part of a PhD thesis by D.K.…”

Section: -1999 (Continuation Of the Work Of The 1980s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[35] The developmental work and testing of the CAR spectrometer is, however, not discussed in the paper and is only referred to as part of a PhD thesis by D.K. Pyper in the mid-1990s.…”

Section: -1999 (Continuation Of the Work Of The 1980s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of coal: a review

Potgieter‐Vermaak

Maledi

Wagner

et al. 2011

J Raman Spectroscopy

255

126

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The advances in the characterization of amorphous carbons by Raman spectroscopy over the last four decades are of interest to many industries, especially those involving the combustion, gasification and pyrolysis of coal. Many researchers report on the Raman character of the natural organic matter in carbon-containing compounds, such as coal, and relate the Raman bands to the structural order of the amorphous carbons. The basis of most of these studies evolved around the assignment of the G (graphitic, ∼1580 cm −1 ) band to crystalline graphite and any other bands, called D bands, (disorder, various from 1100 to 1500 cm −1 ) to any type of structural disorder in the graphitic structure. Concerning coal analysis, the information gained by Raman investigations has been used to describe char evolution as a function of temperature, the presence of catalysts and different gasification conditions. In addition, researchers looked at maturation, grade, doppleritization and many more aspects of interest. One aspect that has, however, not been addressed by most of the researchers is the natural inorganic matter (NIM) in the carbon-containing compounds. Micro-Raman spectroscopy (MRS) has many advantages over other characterization tools, i.e. in situ analysis, nondestructive, no sample preparation, low detection limit, micrometer-scale characterization, versatility and sensitivity to many amorphous compounds. With the distinct advantages it has over that of other molecular characterization tools, such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy with X-ray detection (SEM/EDS), it is surprising that it has not yet been fully exploited up to this point for the characterization of the NIM in coal and other amorphous carbons. This paper reviews the work published on the Raman characterization of the natural organic matter (NOM) of coals and reports on preliminary results of the NIM character of various South African coals, whereby various inorganic compounds and minerals in the coal have been characterized.

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“…However, limited measurements of flame temperatures in a laboratory scale furnace have been reported by Queiroz and Webb (1996) and by Tree et al (1998). The used furnace is cylindrical (80 cm in diameter and 2.40 m long not including the tapered quarl sections on the top and bottom) with a double-concentric swirl burner fired at a rate of 11.4 kg/h with Utah Blind Canyon high volatile bituminous coal pulverized to a mass mean diameter of 55 m (Figure 1).…”

Section: Application To a Coal Swirl Burnermentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling and simulation of pulverized solid‐fuel combustion in swirl burners

et al. 2009

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A finite-volume numerical model for computer simulation of pulverized solid-fuel combustion in furnaces with axisymmetric-geometry swirl burner is presented. The simulation model is based on the k − ε single phase turbulence model, considering the presence of the dispersed solid phase via additional source terms in the gas phase equations. The dispersed phase is treated by the particle source in cell (PSIC) method. Solid fuel particle devolatilization, homogenous and heterogeneous chemical reaction processes are modelled via a global combustion model. The radiative heat transfer equation is also resolved using the finite volume method. The numerical simulation code is validated by comparing computational and experimental results of pulverized coal in an experimental furnace equipped with a swirl burner. It is shown that the developed numerical code can successfully predict the flow field and flame structure including swirl effects and can therefore be used for the design and optimization of pulverized solid-fuel swirl burners.On présente un modèle numérique de volumes finis pour la simulation par ordinateur de la combustion de combustibles solides pulvérisés dans des fours munis de brûleurà tourbillon axisymétrique. Le modèle de simulation repose sur le modèle de turbulence monophasique k − ε, et décrit la présence de la phase solide dispersée par le biais de termes-sources additionnels dans leséquations de la phase gazeuse. La phase dispersée est traitée par la méthode PSIC. La dévolatilisation des particules combustibles solides et les procédés de réaction chimique homogène et hétérogène sont modélisésà l'aide d'un modèle de combustion global. L'équation de transfert de chaleur radiatif estégalement résolue par la méthode des volumes finis. Le code de simulation numérique aété validé en comparant les résultats des calculs par ordinateur avec des expériences pour du charbon pulvérisé dans un four expérimentaléquipé d'un brûleurà tourbillon. On montre que le code numérique peut prédire avec succès le champ d'écoulement et la structure de flamme y compris les effets tourbillonnaires et qu'il peut donc servirà la conception età l'optimisation des brûleursà tourbillons pour les combustibles solides pulvérisés.

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Experimental measurements in the BYU controlled profile reactor

Cited by 14 publications

References 42 publications

Measurement and Modeling of Particle Radiation in Coal Flames

Measurement and Modeling of Particle Radiation in Coal Flames

Raman spectroscopy for the analysis of coal: a review

Numerical modelling and simulation of pulverized solid‐fuel combustion in swirl burners

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