Experimental Measurement of Thermal Heating of Millimeter Sized Spheres Using IR Imaging Subjected to Synchrotron X-Ray Beam With Comparison to Theoretical Predictions

Unexpected effects in non crystalline materials exposed to X-ray radiation

“…Kazmierczak et.al. have used IR imaging to investigate synchrotron X-ray heating of millimeter sized glass beads cooled by a nitrogen gas cryostream and find both experimentally and theoretically a local rise of around 7C above room temperature [37]. Furthermore, their numerical analysis of localized synchrotron X-ray heating of spherical biocrystals shows that thermal diffusion results in efficient spreading of the energy and an almost uniform internal crystal temperature, with no N 1.3 K internal temperature difference for the worst case of a localized and focused beam [38].…”

Non-invasive measurement of X-ray beam heating on a surrogate crystal sample

“…Initially Helliwell developed an adiabatic model (Helliwell, 1984). Later models included convection and other refinements such as three-dimensional heat conduction and different sample shapes to increase fidelity (Mhaisekar et al, 2005;Nicholson et al, 2001;Kuzay et al, 2001;Kriminski et al, 2003;Helliwell, 1992;Kazmierczak et al, 2007). However, experimental verification of the beam heating of the sample has not been previously achieved.…”

“…In this study, thermal imaging (Snell et al, 2002) is used to optically image and measure sample heating by the beam. Ultimately, the data will allow verification of the computational models of beam heating (Kazmierczak et al, 2007) so that the temperature in the sample can be accurately predicted and therefore used with confidence to help assess damage scenarios.…”