Experimental measurement and finite element modelling of the compressive properties of laser sintered Nylon-12

Ajoku, Uzoma; Hopkinson, Neil; Caine, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2006.05.019

Cited by 55 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The dissimilar gradients and variations in rupture loads recorded suggested that mechanical properties among test specimens were somewhat inconsistent. This has been shown by the uneven heat distribution in the build volume, inadequate heat supply from the laser and insufficient process temperatures (Ajoku et al, 2006), and the melt and crystallization temperature of the material (Zarringhalam and Hopkinson, 2006), by the SLS process, which results in test specimens not achieving optimal mechanical properties. To ensure that optimal mechanical properties are achieved, specimens are to be positioned in the center of the SLS machine build volume, where process parameters are near optimal (Hague et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined experimental results from Ajoku et al (2006) and Hague et al (2004) showed marked differences in compressive/tensile responses (see Fig. 2) typical of a granular-solid material.…”

Section: Modeling and Calibration Of Materials Parametersmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A comprehensive study on the material properties of SLS Nylon-12 is provided by Zarringhalam et al (2006), Ajoku et al (2006); Hague et al (2004Hague et al ( , 2003 and Tontowi and Childs (2001). SLS is a commonly used technique in RM, where solid parts are produced using a CO 2 laser to selectively sinter individual layers of material in a powder form (i.e.…”

Section: Generalities Of Sls Nylon-12 Granular-solid Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although experimental work on the compressive and tensile behavior has been reported (Ajoku et al, 2006;Zarringhalam et al, 2006;Hague et al, 2004), previous studies have separated compressive and tensile behavior, and comparative responses have not been reported. Studies on the combined compressive/tensile behavior were scarce, despite their significance in the design of load bearing structures.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Sls Nylon-12 Granular-solids Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the combined compressive/tensile behavior were scarce, despite their significance in the design of load bearing structures. Experiments in both have been reported by Ajoku et al (2006) and Hague et al (2004). Uniaxial compression/tensile tests performed according to ISO 604 and ISO 527, respectively, were analyzed to produce a combined stress/strain plot (Fig.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Sls Nylon-12 Granular-solids Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design optimization of consolidated granular-solid polymer prismatic beam using metamorphic development

Ngim

Liu

Soar

2009

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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a b s t r a c tTopologically optimized granular-solid structures from additive manufacturing processes have impending applications as lightweight load bearing structures. To facilitate application, a procedure for characterizing optimal structural performance is devised for the design optimization of 'end-use' functional structures. An approach capable of realizing this objective is presented and demonstrated for horizontal prismatic beams produced from Nylon-12 granular-solid polymer, by Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). It combines topology (or layout) optimization, calibration of material parameters, and finite element (FE) modelling. The metamorphic development (MD) method forms the basis of an adaptive growth and degeneration optimization by material distribution approach. Experimental measurements are used to calibrate a bimodulus constitutive Drucker-Prager (D-P) model. Simply-supported three-point bending (3PB) tests are used to assess the fidelity of optimized beams on the basis of numerically predicted performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modeling and Calibration Of Materials Parametersmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Generalities Of Sls Nylon-12 Granular-solid Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Sls Nylon-12 Granular-solids Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Sls Nylon-12 Granular-solids Under mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design optimization of consolidated granular-solid polymer prismatic beam using metamorphic development

Ngim

Liu

Soar

2009

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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Additive Manufacturing of Polymers: 3D and 4D Printing, Methodologies, Type of Polymeric Materials, and Applications

González‐Henríquez

Sarabia‐Vallejos

Sanz-Horta

et al. 2022

Macromolecular Engineering

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This article is devoted to the use of polymers in additive manufacturing (AM), also generally known as 3D printing or rapid prototyping. AM presents essential advantages in comparison to traditional fabrication methodologies since it allows the fabrication of wholly customized 3D parts and objects with astonishing levels of geometrical complexity. Moreover, AM entails a significant reduction in the fabrication time, and therefore, parts can be fabricated with a substantial cost reduction. While different materials can be employed for 3D printing, including metals and ceramics, polymers are without any doubt the most versatile, and their use is increasingly growing. In this article, we aim to provide a clear overview of the principles in which are based the different AM technologies that employ polymers for the fabrication of 3D objects. The particularities of each technology including advantages/disadvantages and type of polymers used will be presented. Consequently, an extensive overview of the applications of the 3D‐printed structures will be provided, covering different areas ranging from biomedical purposes to the fabrication of microfluidic devices. This article also introduces the concept of 4D printing and presents some of the current analysis of the environmental aspects associated with AM and the future of this technology.

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Statistical evaluation of laser energy density effect on mechanical properties of polyamide parts manufactured by selective laser sintering

Beal

Paggi

Salmoria

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Selective laser sintering (SLS) is a rapid manufacturing technology that builds layer-by-layer solid object from particulate materials. Nowadays there are materials that are used to produce prototypes and end-user parts. Powders might be made from metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites. The union or fusion of the particles is made by the energy provided by a heated environment and a laser beam. Parts are built based on data extracted from its CAD design. The process has many variables that directly affect the mechanical properties of the parts. One important and direct processing parameter is laser energy density. This work evaluated the effect of the variation of the energy density in the mechanical properties of a polymeric material by changing laser beam speed and average power. The analyzed variables were stress at 10% of elongation, flexural modulus, and density of the samples built with polyamide 2200 (PA2200-EOSINT) using a CO 2 laser (10 W). Specimens obtained by combination of different laser powers (2.7, 3.4, and 4.1 W) and laser scan speeds (39.0, 44.5, and 50.0 mm/s) were submitted to flexural tests. Additionally, volumetric density was calculated with mass and physical dimensions of specimens, and micrograph were taken using scanning electron microscope to analyze the changes of the sintering degree. The results indicated that laser power had more influence over density and mechanical properties than scan speed. The microstructures presented good correlation with the statistical results.

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Experimental measurement and finite element modelling of the compressive properties of laser sintered Nylon-12

Cited by 55 publications

References 11 publications

Design optimization of consolidated granular-solid polymer prismatic beam using metamorphic development

Design optimization of consolidated granular-solid polymer prismatic beam using metamorphic development

Additive Manufacturing of Polymers: 3D and 4D Printing, Methodologies, Type of Polymeric Materials, and Applications

Statistical evaluation of laser energy density effect on mechanical properties of polyamide parts manufactured by selective laser sintering

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