Experimental manipulation of sediment organic content and water column aeration reduces Zostera marina (eelgrass) growth and survival

Mascaró, Oriol; Valdemarsen, Thomas Bruun; Holmer, Marianne; Pérez, Marta; Romero, Javier

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2009.03.001

Cited by 73 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…A study of S 0 in P. oceanica showed a shift in tissue isotopic signal to more negative values upon accumulation of S 0 , and extraction of S 0 from the interior of the plants gave δ 34 S similar to the sediment sulfide, indicating that S 0 is a direct oxidation product hereof (Frederiksen et al, 2007). As the accumulations of S 0 generally are less than the observed increase in TS, this suggests that sulfide is incorporated in other, not yet identified, S-containing compounds (Mascaro et al, 2009;Hasler-Sheetal, 2014). S-containing thiols have been extracted from Z. marina and sulfate accumulated in both below-ground tissues and in leaves (Hasler-Sheetal, 2014).…”

Section: Fate Of Sulfide Inside Seagrassesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Elemental sulfur [S 0 ; assessed after methanol extraction by RP-HPLC after Zopfi et al (2001)] is one reoxidation product of sulfide, which has been found accumulating in seagrass tissues (Holmer et al, 2005bFrederiksen et al, , 2007Koch et al, 2007;Hasler-Sheetal, 2014). High S 0 concentrations were found in Z. marina and Thalassia testudinum (up to 46% of TS), when plants were exposed to high sulfide concentrations in laboratory experiments (Holmer et al, 2005b;Koch et al, 2007;Mascaro et al, 2009;Hasler-Sheetal, 2014), but also field plants show accumulation of S 0 and it is possibly a wide-spread mechanism for detoxification of sulfide in seagrasses (Holmer et al, 2005aHaslerSheetal, 2014). In field plants S 0 primarily accumulates in the roots, and the highest tissue contents found are in Z. marina with about 0.5%DW, corresponding to 5-10% of TS content of the plants.…”

Section: Fate Of Sulfide Inside Seagrassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies of seagrasses have suggested sulfide toxicity as a contributing factor in seagrass decline, where high sulfide concentrations induce seagrass mortality, e.g., in die-back events in Florida (Carlson and Forrest, 1982;Borum et al, 2005), during organic enrichment of sediments near fish farms (Frederiksen et al, 2007), upon invasion of seagrass meadows with Caulerpa sp. (Garcias-Bonet et al, 2008) and during hypoxic events (Mascaro et al, 2009). Quantification of sulfide exposure in seagrasses by the use of stable sulfur isotopes has the potential as a tool to examine seagrass stress factors (Kilminster et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopesâ€”a synthesis of current results

Holmer

Hasler-Sheetal

2014

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses, as assessed by stable sulfur isotope signals, is widespread in all climate zones, where seagrasses are growing. Seagrasses can incorporate substantial amounts of 34 S-depleted sulfide into their tissues with up to 87% of the total sulfur in leaves derived from sedimentary sulfide. Correlations between 34 δ S in leaves, rhizomes, and roots show that sedimentary sulfide is entering through the roots, either in the form of sulfide or sulfate, and translocated to the rhizomes and the leaves. The total sulfur content of the seagrasses increases as the proportion of sedimentary sulfide in the plant increases, and accumulation of elemental sulfur (S 0 ) inside the plant with 34 δ S values similar to the sedimentary sulfide suggests that S 0 is an important reoxidation product of the sedimentary sulfide. The accumulation of S 0 can, however, not account for the increase in sulfur in the tissue, and other sulfur containing compounds such as thiols, organic sulfur, and sulfate contribute to the accumulated sulfur pool. Experimental studies with seagrasses exposed to environmental and biological stressors show decreasing 34 δ S in the tissues along with reduction in growth parameters, suggesting that sulfide intrusion can affect seagrass performance.

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Section: Fate Of Sulfide Inside Seagrassesmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Fate Of Sulfide Inside Seagrassesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopesâ€”a synthesis of current results

Holmer

Hasler-Sheetal

2014

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…Moscaro et al (2009) controlled organic matter concentrations and aeration of the sediments in order to test the conditions for sulfide intrusion into Z. marina. However, they did not change the aeration of the sediment by adding N 2 or Ar; instead they turned off the water supply to the low aeration treatment at night (Moscaro et al 2009). This would not work with our mesocosm system due to the high temperatures within the tanks.…”

Section: Stress Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It may have also been beneficial to check iron concentrations within the sediment throughout the experimental period because a metal staple was used to hold the seagrasses in place after transplanting. This artificial increase in iron within the sediment can inhibit the reduction of sulfide because sulfate reducing bacteria may use iron as an electron acceptor instead of sulfate (Moeslund et al 1994, Moscaro et al 2009). …”

Section: Stress Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Seagrass Restoration in the Virginia Coastal Bays

Al‐Haj¹

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1Seagrass depth limits are important to consider when thinking about the future of coastal 2 ecosystems through climate change and nutrient loading scenarios. Seagrasses provide many 3 ecosystem services to coastal areas worldwide, including providing habitat for many 4 economically important species, acting as a significant carbon sink, and improving water quality. 5Because seagrasses are declining globally, it is important to be able to identify areas for 6 restoration where seagrasses could be successful in order to maximize use of time and money. 7Current models for the Virginia Coast Reserve (VCR) only consider effects of light and point 8 measurements of temperature on the maximum depth limit for eelgrass. However, it has been 9 shown that multiple factors can affect light requirements in plants such as sediment 10 characteristics and pore-water chemistry. Sediment characteristics, such as grain size and organic 11 matter content increase light requirements in plants by physically blocking light and decreasing 12 oxygen concentrations in the sediments allowing for the intrusion of phytotoxins such as pore-13 water sulfide and ammonium. With climate change causing a rise in global temperatures, 14 seagrasses will become even more sensitive to changes in their light environment, such as those 15 caused by coastal eutrophication, and will need to increase light requirements further to maintain 16 a positive carbon balance. This may affect depth limits in seagrasses by limiting their range for 17 growth at the minimum depth limit due to increases in temperature and at the maximum depth 18 limit due to declining light conditions with depth. Because the persistence of restoration projects 19 is dependent on the feedbacks between hydrodynamics, light attenuation, and temperature at the 20 meadow scale, it is important to consider the effects of light and temperature measurements over 21ii time in terms of other stressors such as pore-water chemistry and sediment characteristics to 22 accurately find the maximum and minimum depths for eelgrass growth. 23This thesis addresses how maximum and minimum depth limits change over an 24 environmental gradient of sediment grain size and organic matter content in the Virginia coastal 25 bays. The impact of changes in light attenuation in terms of water quality and temperature on 26 maximum and minimum depth limits was investigated through spatial analysis of field and 27 bathymetry data. The predicted depth ranges were compared to ranges of transplanted plants 28 along a depth gradient from 0.4 m to 2.0 m MSL (mean sea level) bracketing the known range 29 for eelgrass growth in Hog Island Bay, 0.8 m to 1.6 m MSL. I found that the maximum depth 30 limit for eelgrass growth can be predicted by light levels in areas with low pore-water sulfide 31 concentrations; however, in areas with high sediment pore-water sulfide concentrations there 32 may be a more complex interaction occurring where light requirements increase due to sulfide 33 intrusion. Predicting the minimum...

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Additive response to multiple environmental stressors in the seagrass Zostera marina L.

Moreno‐Marín

Brun

Pedersen

2018

Limnology & Oceanography

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Ongoing climate changes alter a broad range environmental variables in coastal ecosystems, which may lead to changes in species range distributions or collapse of populations. It is often assumed that changes in environmental parameters affect organisms in a nonadditive way and multifactorial experiments are therefore needed to obtain a better prediction of the effects of climate change. We studied experimentally how combinations of high temperature, low light and high nitrogen (HN) availability affect eelgrass (Zostera marina), which is an important foundation species on the northern hemisphere. Plants were cultured under optimal (15°C) and high (25°C) temperature, limiting and saturating light, and low and high ammonium availability in a 3‐factorial design. We found that individual exposure to heat and shade, respectively, had a negative effect on eelgrass while the effect of exposure to HN‐availability alone was less harmful. Exposure to combinations of two or three stressors simultaneously had a stronger (negative) effect on eelgrass than exposure to each stressor individually, but the combined effects of exposure to multiple stressors were largely similar to the expected additive responses. A synergetic effect was only found in case of mortality when eelgrass plants were exposed to all three stressors simultaneously. The effects of exposure to single or multiple stressors could largely be explained from alterations in the C‐budget of the plants: exposure to one or more stressors lowered the acquisition of C, drained the C‐reserves and sometimes allocated energy to defense or repair processes instead of growth resulting in reduced growth and higher mortality.

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Experimental manipulation of sediment organic content and water column aeration reduces Zostera marina (eelgrass) growth and survival

Cited by 73 publications

References 50 publications

Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopesâ€”a synthesis of current results

Sulfide intrusion in seagrasses assessed by stable sulfur isotopesâ€”a synthesis of current results

Sustainable Seagrass Restoration in the Virginia Coastal Bays

Additive response to multiple environmental stressors in the seagrass Zostera marina L.

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