Experimental liquid cooled base station

Nörtershäuser, D.; Masson, Stéphane Le; Volkov, Topi; Galkin, Timo; Amper, Oskari; Huttunen, Jari

doi:10.1109/intlec.2016.7749130

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The current practice is to use air for cooling base stations. However, Nörtershäuser et al state that replacing air cooling with liquid cooling using water as a cooling agent saves energy [5]. In comparison to air-cooled base stations, heavy ventilation and air-conditioning are avoided [5].…”

Section: Description Of the Proposed Handprint Solution Liquid-cooledmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Nörtershäuser et al state that replacing air cooling with liquid cooling using water as a cooling agent saves energy [5]. In comparison to air-cooled base stations, heavy ventilation and air-conditioning are avoided [5]. The base station manufacturer estimates that if a base station's air ventilation system is replaced by a liquid cooling system, energy savings up to 15% can be achieved [17].…”

Section: Description Of the Proposed Handprint Solution Liquid-cooledmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These limitations can be evaded through liquid cooling, which consequently produces higher temperature waste heat [7,18]. Since liquid is a better heat transfer medium than air, liquid cooling provides an increased opportunity to utilize the waste heat [5], while avoiding the wasting of heat further benefits the climate. Wahlroos et al reached a similar conclusion in a data center context [19].…”

Section: Description Of the Proposed Handprint Solution Liquid-cooledmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waste heat from data centers is already being systematically recovered and utilized, for example, for district heating in Finland [20]. Using liquid as a heat transfer medium further enables device miniaturization and an increase in power density [5]. In addition, liquid cooling helps reduce noise pollution in comparison to air cooling [6].…”

Section: Description Of the Proposed Handprint Solution Liquid-cooledmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first aim of this study was to provide further insight into the carbon handprint approach and the use of a carbon handprint as a positive climate impact indicator through applying the approach to a novel liquid-cooled mobile radio network base station technology introduced by Nörtershäuser et al [5] and recently implemented into use in Finland [6]. Unlike conventional air-cooled base stations, a liquid-cooled base station provides waste heat that is recoverable through the cooling liquid (water) for various heating purposes, in addition to providing mobile telecommunications services as its main purpose [5,7]. Liu et al and Woodruff et al have suggested that dispersed data centers be integrated into buildings that require heating [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Handprint: Potential Climate Benefits of a Novel Liquid-Cooled Base Station with Waste Heat Reuse

et al. 2019

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The novel life cycle assessment (LCA)-based carbon handprint indicator represents a potential carbon footprint reduction that producers/products create for customers who use the(ir) product instead of a baseline product. The research question is how to consider a situation in which multiple customers use a product for different purposes to provide a carbon handprint quantification and the associated communication. The study further provides new insight into the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction potential within the mobile telecommunications and energy sectors. The carbon handprint of a novel Finnish liquid-cooled base station technology is quantified. The liquid-cooled base station provides a telecommunications service and waste heat that is recoverable through the cooling liquid for heating purposes. The baseline solutions are an air-cooled base station, and district and electrical heating. The liquid-cooled base station creates a carbon handprint, both through energy savings in telecommunications and additional waste heat reuse, replacing other energy production methods. A large-scale climate change mitigation potential through a liquid-cooled base station expansion could be significant. Different supply chain operators’ contributions to the total carbon handprint could be terminologically distinguished in communications to emphasize their roles in a shared handprint. The handprint should be transparently communicated for each customer and function.

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Section: Description Of the Proposed Handprint Solution Liquid-cooledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Proposed Handprint Solution Liquid-cooledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Proposed Handprint Solution Liquid-cooledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Proposed Handprint Solution Liquid-cooledmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Handprint: Potential Climate Benefits of a Novel Liquid-Cooled Base Station with Waste Heat Reuse

et al. 2019

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Coordinated operation of the integrated electricity-water distribution system and water-cooled 5G base stations

Sun

Zhao

Tan

2022

Energy

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Reducing the Cooling Energy Consumption of Telecom Sites by Liquid Cooling

Huttunen

Salmela

Volkov

et al. 2020

The First World Energies Forum—Current and Future Energy Issues

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The use of mobile data has increased and will continue to increase in the future, because more data is moving to wireless networks such as 5G. Cooling energy need is also expected to increase in indoor telecom rooms, and can be as high as the equipment’s own power consumption. The world’s first liquid Base Transceiver Station (BTS) was adopted into commercial use in 2018, in Helsinki, Finland. Conventional air-cooled BTS hardware was converted into liquid-cooled BTS equipment. Heat from the BTS was pumped out of the site room, and thus ventilation or air conditioning was not needed for the heat load from the BTS. Heat stored in the liquid was released into the ventilation duct of the building, still providing annual cooling energy savings of 70%, when compared to air cooling. In the future, 80% of the total dissipated energy, 13450 kWh/a in total, can potentially be used for heating purposes. In terms of CO2 emissions, adapting liquid cooling showed an 80% reduction potential when compared to air cooling.

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Experimental liquid cooled base station

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Carbon Handprint: Potential Climate Benefits of a Novel Liquid-Cooled Base Station with Waste Heat Reuse

Carbon Handprint: Potential Climate Benefits of a Novel Liquid-Cooled Base Station with Waste Heat Reuse

Coordinated operation of the integrated electricity-water distribution system and water-cooled 5G base stations

Reducing the Cooling Energy Consumption of Telecom Sites by Liquid Cooling

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