Experimental Leprosy in Three Species of Monkeys

Wolf, Robert H.; Gormus, Bobby J.; Martin, Louis N.; Baskin, Gary B.; Walsh, G. P.; Meyers, Wayne M.; Binford, Chapman H.

doi:10.1126/science.3917577

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They were used for experimental leprosy infection (17,18) because of their unique susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae (16,25,46). A high prevalence of SIV infection has been reported for the YNPRC colony (10), and 90% of SMs were SIVsm infected when they were moved to TNPRC (29).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classic AIDS in a Sooty Mangabey after an 18-Year Natural Infection

Ling

Apetrei

Pandrea

et al. 2004

J Virol

122

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Prevailing theory holds that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections are nonpathogenic in their natural simian hosts and that lifelong infections persist without disease. Numerous studies have reported that SIV-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs; Cercocebus atys) remain disease free for up to 24 years despite relatively high levels of viral replication. Here, we report that classic AIDS developed after an 18-year incubation in an SM (E041) with a natural SIVsm infection. Unlike that described in previous reports of SIV-related disease in SMs, the SIVsm infecting E041 was not first passaged through macaques; moreover, SM E041 was simian T-cell leukemia virus antibody negative. SM E041 was euthanized in 2002 after being diagnosed with severe disseminated B-cell lymphoma. The plasma virus load had been approximately the same for 16 years when a 100-fold increase in virus load occurred in years 17 and 18. Additional findings associated with AIDS were CD4 ؉ -cell decline, loss of p27 core antibody, and loss of control of SIVsm replication with disseminated giant cell disease. These findings suggest that the time to development of AIDS exceeds the average lifetime of SMs in the wild and that the principal adaptation of SIV to its natural African hosts does not include complete resistance to disease. Instead, AIDS may develop slowly, even in the presence of high virus loads. However, a long-term relatively high virus load, such as that in SM E041, is consistent with AIDS development in less than 18 years in humans and macaques. Therefore, the results also suggest that SMs have a special mechanism for resisting AIDS development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classic AIDS in a Sooty Mangabey after an 18-Year Natural Infection

Ling

Apetrei

Pandrea

et al. 2004

J Virol

122

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“…The Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center maintains a colony of approximately 88 colony-born or wild-caught mangabey monkeys that are used primarily for reproductive and behavioral studies. Mangabeys also are used for experimental leprosy infection because of their unique susceptibility to Mycobacterium leprae (10,11). The 15 animals used in this study were selected at random from among mangabey monkeys that are housed together in an indoor/outdoor facility.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from naturally infected sooty mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys).

Fultz¹,

McClure²,

Anderson³

et al. 1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

275

143

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Healthy mangabey monkeys in a colony at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center were found to be infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Virus was isolated from peripheral blood cells of 14 of 15 randomly selected mangabeys. All virus-positive animals had antibodies to the mangabey virus at the time of virus isolation and, in a retrospective study, 82% of mangabey serum samples obtained in 1981 had antibodies to the virus. The newly isolated retrovirus is (i) morphologically identical to HIV by electron microscopy; (ii) serologically related to the human virus by enzyme immunoassay, immunoblotting experiments, radioimmunoprecipitation, and neutralization; and (iii) cytopathic for human OKT4+ cells. The mangabey virus also shares these properties with the simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) recently isolated from diseased macaques and from healthy African green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM). However, the mangabey virus, like STLV-IIIAGM, differs from both HIV and STLV-III in that it apparently does not cause clinical immunodeficiency or disease following natural infection of the host from which it was isolated. Comparison of the virus-host interactions of these isolates may be valuable in defining determinants of pathogenicity for cytopathic retroviruses.

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“…The differentiation in lineages occurred following natural or accidental SIVsm spread over a 40-year period. Many of the TNPRC samples were obtained during leprosy experiments performed on SMs at TNPRC in the 1980s (32,76). Most of the SMs involved in these studies were already positive when inoculated intravenously and intradermally with lepromatous tissues from monkey SM#A022, who was infected with a lineage 1 virus.…”

Section: Vol 79 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%