Experimental Investigations on Cryogenic Cooling in the Drilling of AISI 1045 Steel

Govindaraju, N.; Ahmed, L. Shakeel; Kumar, M. Pradeep

doi:10.1080/10426914.2014.930952

Cited by 40 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…DCT of metallic materials is reported to induce the conversion of retained austenite into martensite, carbon redistribution and site reduction [46], reduction of free energy of crystal structure [50], precipitation of fine submicroscopic carbides [22,23,25,29,41,51] and precipitation of secondary and tertiary carbides [46,[52][53][54]. DCT is a very valuable tool, when dealing with the improvement of the material's properties.…”

Section: Deep Cryogenic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Jovičević-Klug

Podgornik

2020

Metals

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With the development of society, every year there are increasing demands in the automotive industry on cost savings, environmental safety, reduction of raw material consumption, performance improvement, material life cycle and recycling of components. In this review, emphasis is given on ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, which are used as components, where both groups can be treated by deep cryogenic treatment (DCT). DCT has shown to increase hardness, tensile strength and wear resistance, reduce density of defects in crystal structure, improve toughness and corrosion resistance. Though, some researchers also reported results that showed no change in material properties, or even deterioration of material properties, when subjected to DCT. This additionally points out to lack of consistency and reliability of the DCT process, which is needed for its successful incorporation in automotive applications. However, to prove with certainty the resulting outcome on the material properties and knowledge about the reasons for the variation of this effect on metallic materials, further approach and testing with different variables should be conducted in the future. This review provides a synopsis of different approaches of DCT on different materials for automotive applications in order to indicate effects on the material performance during DCT.

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Section: Deep Cryogenic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Jovičević-Klug

Podgornik

2020

Metals

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“…While generating close-tolerance CFRP holes is important, assessing hole quality precisely and economically is also critical for aircraft assembly. The machined CFRP hole quality is often assessed by conventional hole quality measurement systems, such as a coordinate measuring machine, a roundness machine, and a surface profilometer, all of which are widely used for metals [ 29 , 30 ]. Since most conventional hole quality assessment techniques are developed for metallic holes, it is not well understood how the unique CFRP hole damage and fiber pull-out influence hole quality parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Effects of Fiber Pull-Outs in Hole Quality of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Composite

Ashrafi¹,

Miller

Wandro

et al. 2016

Materials

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Hole quality plays a crucial role in the production of close-tolerance holes utilized in aircraft assembly. Through drilling experiments of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites (CFRP), this study investigates the impact of varying drilling feed and speed conditions on fiber pull-out geometries and resulting hole quality parameters. For this study, hole quality parameters include hole size variance, hole roundness, and surface roughness. Fiber pull-out geometries are quantified by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the mechanically-sectioned CFRP-machined holes, to measure pull-out length and depth. Fiber pull-out geometries and the hole quality parameter results are dependent on the drilling feed and spindle speed condition, which determines the forces and undeformed chip thickness during the process. Fiber pull-out geometries influence surface roughness parameters from a surface profilometer, while their effect on other hole quality parameters obtained from a coordinate measuring machine is minimal.

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“…Govindaraju et al [5] have conducted experiments in drilling using cryogenic LN 2 cooling and there was a significant reduction in cutting temperature for AISI 1045 steel material. Ravi et al [6] used cryogenic coolant in the end milling operation and reported 43-48% and 26-35% reduction in cutting zone temperature for the hardened AISI D3 tool steel material over dry and wet machining was used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations on Cryogenic Cooling in the Drilling of Titanium Alloy

Ahmed

Govindaraju

Kumar

2015

Materials and Manufacturing Processes

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In this study, a drilling experiment was conducted on titanium ASTM B265 Grade 2 material using PVD coated carbide inserts. Two types of coolants (Wet and LN 2 ) were used. The variables in the experiment were feed rate (f) and cutting speed (V c ). The depth of the drilling was constant. Cutting temperature (T), thrust force (F t ), surface roughness (R a ), and the hole quality (circularity, cylindricity, and perpendicularity) were analyzed. The tool wear and chip morphology were studied. The result of the experiment indicates that there is 6-59% reduction in cutting temperature when LN 2 is used, high thrust force values were recorded for LN 2 coolant condition, surface roughness (R a ) values were higher for LN 2 coolants. Hole quality is not favorable in LN 2 coolant supply.

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Experimental Investigations on Cryogenic Cooling in the Drilling of AISI 1045 Steel

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Review on the Effect of Deep Cryogenic Treatment of Metallic Materials in Automotive Applications

Characterization and Effects of Fiber Pull-Outs in Hole Quality of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Composite

Experimental Investigations on Cryogenic Cooling in the Drilling of Titanium Alloy

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