Experimental Investigations of Various Methods of Sludge Measurements in Storage Oil Tanks

Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.; Svet, V. D.; Sandilands, Donald; Tsysar, S. A.

doi:10.4236/ars.2015.42011

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…2 b. along with the sludge density and viscosity for nine storage tanks. Generally, tank bottom sludge is formed in a multi-step process involving deposition of many layers, some of which might contain an emulsion of some kind (Monteiro et al 2015 ). For instance, the upper layer of sludge is of type water-in oil emulsion with 5% or less of fine impurities.…”

Section: Formation Of Petroleum Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Hasan,

Kamal,

Farag

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Different petroleum operations produce huge amount of oil sludge annually. For instance, US EPA estimates the annual sludge production of each US refinery of 30,000 tons, while the average oily sludge produced from petrochemical industries in China is estimated about 3 million tons per year. In the last year, our center could recover about 30,206 barrels of raw oil from 32,786 barrels of tank bottom sludge (TBS) for different petroleum companies. This sludge causes huge economic losses besides its negative environmental impacts. The accumulation of sludge in the tanks results in reducing the tanks’ capacity for storing liquid crude, accelerating the corrosion of the tanks, delay in the production schedule, and disturbing the whole production operation. There are diverse treatment methodologies such as solvent treatment, addition of certain chemicals, and centrifuging. Of course, the environmental regulations and the overall cost limitations are very important in deciding the preferred applicable method(s). Although several works handled the problem of sludge deposition and treatment from different aspects, we intend to introduce a different work. First, composition, formation, types, and properties of TBS were reviewed. Then, environmental and economic problems caused by TBS were revised. At last, different methodologies applied for treatment of oily TBS to recover oil and safe disposal of hazardous remains were investigated focusing on the most straightforward and environmentally friendly protocols. It is expected that this review attracts the experts in petroleum chemistry, and other relevant fields and provides a comprehensive understanding of current sludge control and treatment research. Graphical abstract

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Section: Formation Of Petroleum Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Hasan,

Kamal,

Farag

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…In the literature [8][9][10][11], a set of measures is used to resolve such situations (for example, manual and mechanized cleaning of tanks using hot water, chemicals, biostrains, nutritional supplements and enzymes). However, existing methods do not allow processing bottom oil sludge into low molecular weight organic compounds.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of optimal conditions for processing oil bottom sediments using electrohydraulic effect

Satybaldin

Tusipkhan

Seitzhan

et al. 2021

EEJET

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Currently, there is an interest in effective technologies that cause minimal environmental harm, have low financial costs and allow you to obtain products with high added value. One of the ways to increase the yield of light and medium fractions from oil bottom sediments is to use the electrohydraulic effect. The electrohydraulic phenomenon is a new industrial method of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, which occurs without the influence of intermediate mechanical links, with high efficiency. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out with the identification of the optimal mode of the electrohydraulic effect on the destruction of the oil bottom sediment. The influence of various factors is shown (duration of contact, distance between electrodes, amount of added catalyst, capacitance of capacitor and value of applied voltage). The use of the generalized equation made it possible to determine the following optimal conditions for the destruction of the oil bottom sediment using electrohydraulic treatment: duration 7 min, distance 8 mm, amount of added catalyst 1.5 %, capacitance 0.3 μF, applied voltage 14 kV. In terms of the significance of the coefficient (tr), it should be noted that the dominant factors are the distance between the electrodes and the amount of added catalyst. The individual chemical composition of the light and medium fractions of the original oil residue and the processed oil residue was determined. Comparison of the individual chemical composition of fractions up to 200 °С and 200–300 °С, obtained from the oil bottom sediment and from the hydrogenated product, allows to conclude that the electrohydraulic effect has an effective effect on the destruction of the organic mass of the oil bottom sediment. The optimal conditions for electrohydraulic treatment of the oil residue aere established and it is shown that it is possible to utilize the oil bottom sediments

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“…The seismic performance of these reservoirs was of special importance, which exceeds the economic value of the storage facility in order to maintain functionality even after a serious earthquake [3]. The main reason is the potential danger associated with equipment failure among highly flammable products, which can lead to large-scale uncontrolled fires, and leakage and spillage of these liquids can cause serious injury to persons and livestock, extensive serious environmental damage, and life in affected populations [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seismic response of cylindrical steel tank at Al Hoceïma city in Morocco

Kotrasová

Kormaníková

Loukili

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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The aim of this article is determination of seismic response of cylindrical steel tank situated at Al Hoceïma city in Morocco. When a storage facility containing liquid starts moving due to earthquake loading, the fluid filling exerts additional hydrodynamic pressure on storage facility solid domain. The seismic effect of a liquid–filled storage facility converts the contained liquid into and equivalent spring-mass system representing impulsive mode together with convective mode of vibration of the storage facility - liquid system. The seismic response of cylindrical steel tank subjected to seismic loading was calculated by using the elastic response spectrum for locality Al Hoceïma city in Morocco. The rules of Eurocode 8-4 were respected for documented seismic analysis of storage facility containing liquid.

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Experimental Investigations of Various Methods of Sludge Measurements in Storage Oil Tanks

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Determination of optimal conditions for processing oil bottom sediments using electrohydraulic effect

The seismic response of cylindrical steel tank at Al Hoceïma city in Morocco

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