Experimental investigations of spray generated by a pressure swirl atomizer

Liu, Cunxi; Liu, Fuqiang; Yang, Jinhu; Mu, Yao; Hu, Chunyan; Xu, Gang

doi:10.1016/j.joei.2018.01.014

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is in agreement with a previous study on characterization of a spiral nozzle, in which authors observed minimal variation of the spray angle at pressures above 0.4 bar [4]. On the contrary, such behavior is quite different compared, for example, to an air-water impinging jet atomizer [81], in which the spray angle increased with increasing pressure, or pressure swirl atomizer, in which the spray angle increased up to 7 bar and then decreased [82]. Some researchers also observed a decrease in spray angle with increasing inlet pressure in the whole measured range [48].…”

Section: Spray Anglesupporting

confidence: 92%

Experimental Study on Spray Breakup in Turbulent Atomization Using a Spiral Nozzle

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spiral nozzles are widely used in wet scrubbers to form an appropriate spray pattern to capture the polluting gas/particulate matterwith the highest possible efficiency. Despite this fact, and a fact that it is a nozzle with a very atypical spray pattern (a full cone consisting of three concentric hollow cones), very limited amount of studies have been done so far on characterization of this type of nozzle. This work reports preliminary results on the spray characteristics of a spiral nozzle used for gas absorption processes. First, we experimentally measured the pressure impact footprint of the spray generated. Then effective spray angles were evaluated from the photographs of the spray and using the pressure impact footprint records via Archimedean spiral equation. Using the classical photography, areas of primary and secondary atomization were determined together with the droplet size distribution, which were further approximated using selected distribution functions. Radial and tangential spray velocity of droplets were assessed using the laser Doppler anemometry. The results show atypical behavior compared to different types of nozzles. In the investigated measurement range, the droplet-size distribution showed higher droplet diameters (about 1 mm) compared to, for example, air assisted atomizers. It was similar for the radial velocity, which was conversely lower (max velocity of about 8 m/s) compared to, for example, effervescent atomizers, which can produce droplets with a velocity of tens to hundreds m/s. On the contrary, spray angle ranged from 58° and 111° for the inner small and large cone, respectively, to 152° for the upper cone, and in the measured range was independent of the inlet pressure of liquid at the nozzle orifice.

show abstract

Section: Spray Anglesupporting

confidence: 92%

Experimental Study on Spray Breakup in Turbulent Atomization Using a Spiral Nozzle

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The cone angle firstly expands with the increase of Δ P till to 0.5 MPa and then becomes nearly a constant value, which is similar to that in literature. 6,7 The spray cone is fully developed when Δ P is 0.5 MPa. The biggest cone angle is determined by the atomizer structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al. 6 analyzed the spray pattern, droplet size spatial distribution, mean droplet size, and distribution index under different pressure drops of a pressure-swirl atomizer. Rong et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Spray Characteristics of a Pressure-Swirl Atomizer

Fan

Liu

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spray characteristics of a pressure-swirl atomizer are investigated using high-speed shadowgraph technique under different pressure drops (Δ P) and fuel temperatures ( T). An image processing method is developed using MATLAB. The results illustrate that the mass flow rate climbs with the increase of Δ P, while the discharge coefficient ( Cd) decreases firstly and then climbs with the increase of Δ P. Δ P has larger effect on the cone angle relative to fuel temperature. With the increase of Δ P, the shape of liquid film changes from ‘onion’ to ‘tulip’ and finally be fully developed spray cone. Meanwhile, the surface of liquid film becomes smoother with the increase of Δ P. The average breakup length climbs, then decreases to nearly a constant value with the increase of Δ P, which is induced by the “Impact wave,” surface wave, and turbulent energy. There are little differences on the shape of the liquid film under different temperatures, and temperature has different influence on breakup length under different Δ P. Both the fuel temperature and Δ P have significant impact on the surface wavelength ( λ) and velocities ( U, V) of surface wave. The width of fuel stream becomes larger with the increase of Δ P and fuel temperature. The results can further deepen the understanding of spray characteristics of pressure-swirl atomizer.

show abstract

“…Due to its importance in the industry, research studies on the atomization features of this kind of atomizer are varied. Experiments include high-speed imaging and the application of optical techniques such as Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) [6,7], Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) [8] or Mie-scattering [9]. These works reveal that the primary breakup takes place by the growth of disturbances on the liquid sheet that are generated by the external surrounding air as soon as the fuel leaves the atomizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Numerical Simulation of a Swirl Simplex Atomizer to Predict Atomization Outputs

Ferrando

Belmar-Gil

Palanti

et al. 2021

ICLASS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Numerical simulation of injectors could help improving their designs. In particular, a two-phase flow simulation of a swirl simplex atomizer allows computing the main characteristic parameters such as the spray cone angle, the fuel sheet thickness and the air core diameter. This work describes an attempt to go a step further to characterize atomization and spray characteristics with the ultimate goal to predict the spray distribution in terms of size and velocity. A commercial injector has been used in the CORIA Rouen Spray Burner (CRSB) set up to study turbulent spray combustion. This experiment has produced a well-documented database for the last two TCS workshops (see TCS 6 and 7 at http://www.tcs-workshop.org/). Even though spray measurements are used to define the fuel injection in combustion numerical simulations, the spray injection characteristics remain the main cause of uncertainties. The present work aims at answering this question: Is it possible to complete our knowledge of spray injection by numerical simulation of the full atomization process? The first challenge is to measure the inner geometry. Standards techniques such as X-ray tomography and microscopy have been applied. In order to accurately reproduce the internal throat and swirl chamber, additional measurements have been performed by silicon molding, leading to the definition of a nominal geometry that can be used for further CFD simulation. The second challenge is to produce a mesh regular enough to be compatible with the interface capturing method. Several mesh strategies have been tested starting from the swirl chamber with very thin mesh layers to capture the liquid film at the injector wall and to describe the external liquid sheet. Then, a third challenge concerns the numerical simulation itself, since it must handle the multi-scale nature of such flows until the formation of the spray. A nonreactive condition has been tested with the interFoam solver (OpenFOAM library) in a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) framework. Eventually, the last challenge is to build an analysis to connect the numerical simulation that is limited to the close vicinity of the injector and the experimental measurements that are rejected farther downstream on the dispersed spray. This last step is based on the analysis of the surface curvature distribution that is described with more detail on another presentation at this ICLASS conference.

show abstract

Experimental investigations of spray generated by a pressure swirl atomizer

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Experimental Study on Spray Breakup in Turbulent Atomization Using a Spiral Nozzle

Experimental Study on Spray Breakup in Turbulent Atomization Using a Spiral Nozzle

Experimental Investigations of Spray Characteristics of a Pressure-Swirl Atomizer

Internal Numerical Simulation of a Swirl Simplex Atomizer to Predict Atomization Outputs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About