Experimental Investigations into the Mineral Nutrition of Several Grass Species: IV. Nitrogen Level

Bradshaw, A. D.; Chadwick, M. J.; Jowett, D.; Snaydon, R. W.

doi:10.2307/2257854

Cited by 194 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…This phenomenon has been previously described (Bradshaw et al 1964) where species from communities of low productivity and highly infertile soil (e.g., red fescue) have low overall yields and low response to nutrients, whereas species such as ryegrass and browntop from communities of high productivity and highly fertile soil have high overall yields and high response to nutrients. Practically, it is an indication that although ryegrass yield in lowfertility areas will be below its potential, it will still yield more than some of the so-called low-fertility species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparison of improved “low-fertility” grass species and ryegrass with wild populations for performance under varying levels of nitrogen and moisture in a simulated hill soil profile

Wedderburn

Pengelly

Greaves

1993

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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This study compared improved "lowfertility" grass species and rye grass with wild populations for performance under varying levels of nitrogen (N) and moisture. The spec~es studied were: Lolium perenne L.; Agrostis capillaris L.; Cynosurus cristatus L.; Festuca rubra L.; Dactylis glomerata L.; Anthoxanthum odoratum L.; Bromus mollis L.; and H oicus lanatus L. Wild-type seed was collected randomly from moderate hill country; bred genotypes were either selection lines, cultivars, or random collections. The plants were grown in simulated hill soil profiles. Each species was represented by 24 seedlings planted in a 6 x 4 block. N was applied in solution at three concentrations (0,7, and 21 kg N/ha per fortnight). Three harvests were taken. A rain shelter was placed over the plants from December until February 1991 and recovery yield noted. Throughout the N experiment, yields of wild and bred genotypes of the same species were generally similar. The response to N differed. During Harvest 2, rye grass showed an increasing yield response to N whereas the other species gave no or little response to the high N rate. At zero N, ryegrass out yielded plants normally found in low-fertility areas but equalled sweet vernal, cocks foot, and browntop. The implication of these results is discussed. The recovery from moisture stress indicated the supremacy of the bred genotypes over the wild populations. Wana cocks foot, wild red A92041 Received 26 August 1992; accepted 14 December 1992 fescue, and brown top had greater yields than ryegrass after moisture stress. The results are from single species plantings and the realisation of their potential under field conditions will be dependent on competitive ability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Comparison of improved “low-fertility” grass species and ryegrass with wild populations for performance under varying levels of nitrogen and moisture in a simulated hill soil profile

Wedderburn

Pengelly

Greaves

1993

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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“…Nevertheless, even with these peaks in mineralization rates, many natural soils are of low nitrogen status compared with agricultural habitats, and the growth of higher plants in many ecosystems is limited by the supply of nitrogen (e.g. see Bradshaw et al 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Nitrogen Availability and Utilization in an Acidic and Calcareous Soil

1982

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SUMMARYPronounced seasonal trends were observed in nitrogen availability and utilization in an acidic soil supporting Deschampsia flexuosa and a calcareous soil supporting Zerna erecta. In both soils, mineralization rates and instant inorganic nitrogen concentrations were maximum in late winter/early spring after which a rapid decline occurred. A similar seasonal pattern was evident in the levels of several nitrogen-assimilating enzymes and soluble nitrogen pools in both grasses. Fertilizer experiments indicated that in both soil tj'pes nitrate formation was limited by the ammoniuni supply. Despite differences in the major form of inorganic nitrogen supplied to the plants, Deschampsia and Zerna showed similar capacities to utilize ammonium and nitrate. It is suggested that the observed seasonal enzymic response in these native species may be an adaptation to the fluctuating and low nitrogen status of natural soils.

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“…(Harris & Thomas 1973). This difference between grasses would be further enhanced by the greater response of ryegrass to nitrogen (Bradshaw et al 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competition among pasture plants

Harris¹

1974

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Competition between Agrostis tenuis and Trifolium repens, as affected by a 2 x 2 application of cutting height and frequency on simulated swards, was quantified by the de Wit (1960) model. Cutting height and frequency treatments were discontinued after 6 and 17 months respectively, all plots being cut uniformly for the last 7 months of the experiment.A. tenuis was strongly suppressed by T. repens during the first summer, under infrequent cutting, and this suppression was maintained for the remainder of the experiment. There was a clearly defined difference between the competitive power of A. tenuis in the hard and laxly cut frequent cutting treatments, this effect continuing into the final phase of the experiment when, under monthly cutting, T. repens gained competitively in the frequent -hard treatment, whereas A. tenuis maintained its competitive power in the frequent -lax treatment.Yield increases of mixtures over monocultures under frequent cutting are attributed to effects of nitrogen transfer from legume to grass and different seasonal growth periodicities. The results imply that in regions where A. tenuis ingress is important, increase in the intervals between defoliations will allow T. repens and ryegrass to shade and suppress A. tenuis. This will result in more efficient use of phosphate through reduced competition by A. tenuis and better use of phosphate and other nutrients by desired species.

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Experimental Investigations into the Mineral Nutrition of Several Grass Species: IV. Nitrogen Level

Cited by 194 publications

References 21 publications

Comparison of improved “low-fertility” grass species and ryegrass with wild populations for performance under varying levels of nitrogen and moisture in a simulated hill soil profile

Comparison of improved “low-fertility” grass species and ryegrass with wild populations for performance under varying levels of nitrogen and moisture in a simulated hill soil profile

Seasonal Variation in Nitrogen Availability and Utilization in an Acidic and Calcareous Soil

Competition among pasture plants

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