Experimental investigations from conventional to high speed milling on a 304-L stainless steel

Abstract

Last years analytical or finite element models of milling become more efficient and focus on more physical aspects, nevertheless the milling process is still experimentally unknown on a wide range of use. This paper propose to analyse with accuracy milling operations by investigating the cutting forces values, shape of cutting forces curves obtained for different cutting speeds, and related phenomena as tool wear or tool run-out. These detailed experimental data in milling constitute a suitable experimental basis available to develop predictive machining modelling. All the tests have been conducted on the 304L stainless steel in many cutting configurations and for different tool geometries. The machinability of the 304L stainless steel with different tools geometries and configurations in shoulder milling is defined by three working zones: a conventional zone permitting stable cutting (low cutting speed; under 200-250 m.min -1 ), a dead zone (unfavourable for cutting forces level and cutting stability; between 250 and 450 m.min -1 ), and a high speed machining zone (high cutting speed; up to 450-500 m.min -1 ). All the used criteria (cutting forces, chips, wear) confirm the existence of these different zones and a correlation is proposed with cutting perturbations as run-out, cutting instability, ploughing and abrasive wear.

Modeling of time dependent mechanical behavior of polymers: Comparison between amorphous and semicrystalline polyethylene terephthalate

“…1 Feasibility to model rubbery PMMA over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures with a using equivalent strain rate at reference temperature as a "new" coupled parameter to account for temperature and strain rate coupled effects was also reported. 1 Recently, Maurel-Pantel et al 2 com-pleted the approach proposing the fully 3D writing of the resulting thermomechanical model in the rigorous frame of thermodynamics.…”

“…According to chosen model 1,2 Edwards and Vilgis' model was chosen as equivalent network. Inelastic processes were assumed to result from kinetics of internal variables variation induced by the microstructure changes under loading.…”

“…Uploading-unloading experimental investigations have shown an increase in temperature up to 5 8C, and the above constitutive model should be combined with some temperature dependence. 2 However, at this step, only the effect of crystallization was of first interest and according to Figure 3 and DMA analyses an increase of 5 8C close to 23 8C should not modify drastically the behavior of the two materials as they are in their glassy state. Therefore, material self-heating was neglected in this first investigation but integration of such thermomechanical coupling is important and will be considered in future works.…”

Wear Mechanism of Cemented Carbide Tool in High Speed Milling of Stainless Steel

“…Machining of stainless steels is a very complex process with physical interactions involving cutting temperature, cutting force, plastic deformation, friction, high strain rate, and tool wear or failure [9]. Due to high plasticity of stainless steels at high cutting temperature, high cutting force and high temperature is generated in machining stainless steels, which produces a situation for adhesion of the workpiece material to the tool and will shorten the tool life [10,11].…”

Thermomechanical Modeling and Analysis of Workpiece in End Milling Process

“…Measuring principle of milling force and temperature is shown in Fig.3 [10][11] , the coordinate origin in the system is located in the position of lines in the top right the artifacts. x, z axis is shown in the figure, y axis is determined by the right-hand rule.…”