Experimental investigations and modelling of the ball motion in planetary ball mills

Rosenkranz, S.; Breitung‐Faes, Sandra; Kwade, Arno

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2011.05.021

Cited by 143 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Due to their high energy density, and simple set-up, handling and cleanability, planetary ball mills (for example, manufactured by Fritsch or Retsch, Germany) are especially suitable for various MCS processes. [12][13][14][15][16][17] At the laboratory scale, the MCS can be realized in a disc vibration mill as well. 18 Industrial planetary mills with continuous action, characterized by productivity of up to 3-5 tons per hour, are now commercially available.…”

Section: Mechanochemical Tools and How To Rule Themmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

et al. 2013

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The aim of this review article on recent developments of mechanochemistry (nowadays established as a part of chemistry) is to provide a comprehensive overview of advances achieved in the field of atomistic processes, phase transformations, simple and multicomponent nanosystems and peculiarities of mechanochemical reactions. Industrial aspects with successful penetration into fields like materials engineering, heterogeneous catalysis and extractive metallurgy are also reviewed. The hallmarks of mechanochemistry include influencing reactivity of solids by the presence of solid-state defects, interphases and relaxation phenomena, enabling processes to take place under non-equilibrium conditions, creating a well-crystallized core of nanoparticles with disordered near-surface shell regions and performing simple dry time-convenient one-step syntheses. Underlying these hallmarks are technological consequences like preparing new nanomaterials with the desired properties or producing these materials in a reproducible way with high yield and under simple and easy operating conditions. The last but not least hallmark is enabling work under environmentally friendly and essentially waste-free conditions (822 references).

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Section: Mechanochemical Tools and How To Rule Themmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Milling results in a complete reduction of the metal sulphide and in the formation of nanocomposites composed of elemental metal and R sulphide. Transformations follow eqn (13) and (14). Exchange reactions with CaO show the formation of M oxideCaS nanocomposites.…”

Section: Redox Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

et al. 2013

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“…The material influence on the temperature seems to be a complicated interaction of material properties like Younǵs modulus and hardness [13]. The kind of material influences the elasticity of the collision and the motion of the balls, as shown for planetary ball mills [32]. Thus, it acts on the temperature progression and on the heat transfer from the balls to the wall of the beaker [13].…”

Section: Influence Of the Grinding Stock Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature progression in a mixer ball mill

2016

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The influence of the operating frequency, the milling ball and grinding stock filling degree, the material of the milling balls and beakers, the milling ball diameter and the size of the milling beakers on the temperature increase inside the milling beakers in a mixer ball mill was investigated. These parameters influence the temperature progression and the equilibrium temperature of the system. The grinding stock filling degree with regard to the void volume in the milling ball package showed huge influence on the heating rate and the equilibrium temperature. In this context, the behavior of the temperature progression changes if the complete void volume is filled with the grinding stock.

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“…However, when several balls are put in a vial, successive small collisions with other balls, the lack of single ball-wall collisions, and the slipping of balls are produced, so that the real situation approaches a chaotic system [28]. Recently, it has shown that the ball motion in planetary mills recorded with a high-speed camera differs significantly from ball trajectories calculated using kinematic equations [29]. Therefore, the trajectory of a ball in such a situation is difficult to describe and energy calculations that assume well-defined trajectories and ball-wall collisions can be inaccurate, although correction parameters are introduced.…”

Section: Assessment Of Theoretical Models Describing the Energy Transmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the milling parameters on the mechanical work intensity in planetary mills

et al. 2013

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The formation of ZnSe via a mechanically-induced self-sustaining reaction (MSR) from a Zn/Se mixture showed that only size reduction and mixing of the reactants without product formation occurred during the induction period prior to ignition. Therefore, all mechanical energy supplied by the planetary mill during this time, called the ignition time (t ig ), was used exclusively in the activation of the reactants. This system was chosen to study the dependence of t ig on the main parameters characterising the milling intensity of planetary mills. The variation of the ignition time with the process conditions reflected changes in the mechanical dose rate of the planetary mill. A direct relationship between the inverse of the ignition time and the power of the planetary mill was established, which allows the validation of theoretical models proposed in the literature for the energy transfer in milling devices and the comparison of milling equipment efficiencies.

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Experimental investigations and modelling of the ball motion in planetary ball mills

Cited by 143 publications

References 21 publications

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

Temperature progression in a mixer ball mill

Influence of the milling parameters on the mechanical work intensity in planetary mills

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