Experimental investigation on the physical and mechanical properties deterioration of oil shale subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

Zhao, Hongchao; Zhang, Xiaolei; Han, Gang; Chen, Hui

doi:10.1007/s12517-019-4682-8

“…At present, the study of rock mechanics in cold regions has gradually become one of the hot topics, and the application of new technologies and means promotes its development, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology (Ding et al 2020;Zhou et al 2015;Liu et al 2021;Jia et al 2020;Liu et al 2020a;Pan et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020d;Liu et al 2020b;), Ultrasonic Detections (Ding et al 2020;Wang et al 2017;Çelik, 2020;Wang et al 2019;Ivankina et al 2020), Digital Image Correlation (DIC) (Mardoukhi et al 2021), Neutron Diffraction Measurements (Ivankina et al 2020), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (Wang et al 2017;Çelik, 2020;Wang et al 2019;Chang et al 2020;Abdolghanizadeh et al 2020;Fang et al 2018;Zhou et al 2018;Yang et al 2021b;Zhou et al 2019;Zhao et al 2019), Computed Tomography (CT) technique (Wang et al 2020b), Optical Microscope (Çelik, 2020;Mousavi et al 2020), X-ray Computed Micro-tomography (Deprez et al 2020b), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Zhao et al 2019;Mousavi et al 2020), Acoustic Emission (Wang et al 2020b;Xiao et al 2020), Infrared thermography (Yang et al 2021a). These new techniques and their combined applications help to discover new features in experiments and provide verification means for the development of theory or numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study on characteristics of impact compression of freeze–thawed granite samples under four different states considering moisture content and temperature difference

Ke

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

Liu

³

et al. 2021

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The mechanics of rock masses in cold regions have attracted the attention of researchers from all over the world, and the concern here is that the mechanical properties of rock masses are inevitably weakened under freeze-thaw cycles. In this paper, firstly, granite samples were subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles, after that, we dealt with the freeze-thawed samples considering four different states, such as saturated and frozen states, saturated and normal temperature states, dry and frozen states as well as dry and normal temperature states. The impact compression test was carried out by using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) device. Results show that the impact strength of granite samples deteriorates with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles in the same state, for samples in different states, although the number of freeze-thaw cycles is equal, the degree of deterioration of the impact strength is different. For freeze-thawed granite samples in the same state, the dynamic elastic modulus decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and its degree of decrease is different for different states. Under the same freeze-thaw cycles, the deterioration of mechanical properties of granite samples is different in four different weather states, for example, the dynamic elastic modulus from large to small is generally as follows: saturated and frozen states, saturated and normal temperature states, dry and frozen states as well as dry and normal temperature states. Finally, the freeze-thaw influence factor is proposed to describe the damage of granite samples. All in all, it can be concluded that water and low temperature strengthen the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the dynamic mechanical properties of granite samples.

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“…At present, the study of rock mechanics in cold regions has gradually become one of the hot topics, and the application of new technologies and means promotes its development, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technology (Ding et al 2020;Zhou et al 2015;Liu et al 2021;Jia et al 2020;Liu et al 2020a;Pan et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020d;Liu et al 2020b;), Ultrasonic Detections (Ding et al 2020;Wang et al 2017;Çelik, 2020;Wang et al 2019;Ivankina et al 2020), Digital Image Correlation (DIC) (Mardoukhi et al 2021), Neutron Diffraction Measurements (Ivankina et al 2020), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (Wang et al 2017;Çelik, 2020;Wang et al 2019;Chang et al 2020;Abdolghanizadeh et al 2020;Fang et al 2018;Zhou et al 2018;Yang et al 2021b;Zhou et al 2019;Zhao et al 2019), Computed Tomography (CT) technique (Wang et al 2020b), Optical Microscope (Çelik, 2020;Mousavi et al 2020), X-ray Computed Micro-tomography (Deprez et al 2020b), X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Zhao et al 2019;Mousavi et al 2020), Acoustic Emission (Wang et al 2020b;Xiao et al 2020), Infrared thermography (Yang et al 2021a). These new techniques and their combined applications help to discover new features in experiments and provide verification means for the development of theory or numerical simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on Characteristics of Impact Compression of Freeze-Thawed Granite Samples Under Four Different States Considering Moisture Content and Temperature Difference

Zhang

¹

,

Ke

²

,

Liu

³

et al. 2021

Preprint

1

0

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The mechanics of rock masses in cold regions have attracted the attention of researchers from all over the world, and the concern here is that the mechanical properties of rock masses are inevitably weakened under freeze-thaw cycles. In this paper, firstly, granite samples were subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles, after that, we dealt with the freeze-thawed samples considering four different states, such as saturated and frozen states, saturated and normal temperature states, dry and frozen states as well as dry and normal temperature states. The impact compression test was carried out by using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) device. Results show that the impact strength of granite samples deteriorates with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles in the same state, for samples in different states, although the number of freeze-thaw cycles is equal, the degree of deterioration of the impact strength is different. For freeze-thawed granite samples in the same state, the dynamic elastic modulus decreases with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, and its degree of decrease is different for different states. Under the same freeze-thaw cycles, the deterioration of mechanical properties of granite samples is different in four different weather states, for example, the dynamic elastic modulus from large to small is generally as follows: saturated and frozen states, saturated and normal temperature states, dry and frozen states as well as dry and normal temperature states. Finally, the freeze-thaw influence factor is proposed to describe the damage of granite samples. All in all, it can be concluded that water and low temperature strengthen the influence of freeze-thaw cycles on the dynamic mechanical properties of granite samples.

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“…Their results showed that intact hard rocks exhibited significant attenuation effects under freeze-thaw conditions. Seyed Mousavi et al [9] and Zhao et al [10] conducted compression tests on rocks after subjecting them to freeze-thaw cycles, investigated the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on the rock compressive strength, and analyzed the effects of freeze-thaw conditions on rock microstructures using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Lu et al [11] carried out freeze-thaw cycle tests and triaxial compression tests on four cases of flawed sandstone to analyze the influence of freeze-thaw cycling on the mechanical properties of the rocks and propose an equation to describe the loading-induced damage evolution of sandstone that previously underwent freeze-thaw cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triaxial Creep Behavior of Red Sandstone in Freeze-Thaw Environments

Song

¹

,

Che

²

,

Zhang

³

et al. 2020

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To investigate the time-dependent mechanical properties of rock masses in cold regions under the effects of freeze-thaw cycling and long-term loading, triaxial multilevel loading and unloading creep tests were performed on saturated red sandstone samples subjected to different numbers of freeze-thaw cycles. The effects of freeze-thaw cycles and confining pressure on the creep properties, long-term strength, and creep failure mode of the rock were analyzed. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the microstructure of the rock was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increased, the rock particle boundaries became more distinct, and more pores formed. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the creep deformation of red sandstone was related to the loading stress level. At low stress levels, the rock viscoelastic strain increased gradually and almost linearly with an increasing number of freeze-thaw cycles; in contrast, at high stress levels, the rock viscoelastic strain increased nonlinearly. The viscoplastic strain increased almost linearly with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The fourth loading stress level (70% σ c ) corresponded to the transition of the creep deformation of the red sandstone. When the confining pressure was low, a higher stress level caused the confining pressure to have a more significant effect on the creep strain. However, as the confining pressure continued to increase, the effect of the confining pressure on the creep strain eventually disappeared. The long-term strength of the red sandstone decreased approximately linearly with an increase in the number of freeze-thaw cycles. When the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the confining pressure were high, the rock samples formed a transverse shear plane and were more fragmented than those without a transverse shear plane. These results provide a reference for construction in rock mass engineering and long-term stability analysis in cold regions.

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Experimental investigation on the physical and mechanical properties deterioration of oil shale subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

An experimental study on characteristics of impact compression of freeze–thawed granite samples under four different states considering moisture content and temperature difference

An experimental study on characteristics of impact compression of freeze–thawed granite samples under four different states considering moisture content and temperature difference

An Experimental Study on Characteristics of Impact Compression of Freeze-Thawed Granite Samples Under Four Different States Considering Moisture Content and Temperature Difference

Triaxial Creep Behavior of Red Sandstone in Freeze-Thaw Environments

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