Experimental Investigation on the Interaction Forces between Clathrate Hydrate Particles in the Presence of a Water Bridge

Liu, Chenwei; Li, Mingzhong; Chen, Litao; Li, Yuxing; Zheng, Sixu; Han, Gaorong

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00364

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The weaker attractive force for the mixed oil case can be explained by the reduced interfacial tension from 48.7 , to 42.2 mN/m because of the presence of toluene. Besides, the interaction force could be greatly influenced by the new hydrate growth along the liquid bridge. ,, This sintering mechanism would play an important role when the contact time (i.e., time after hydrate bridge formation) lasts longer than 30 s . In this work, a short contact time of 7 s was adopted, allowing the assumption of negligible new hydrate growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All measured anti-adhesive force, interaction force, and delay of liquid bridge formation have clearly proven the remarkable influence of asphaltenes. However, it is also important to understand other effects of asphaltenes on the interaction between the water drop and hydrate particle, such as the corresponding change of hydrate equilibrium in mixed oil, , the subcooling effect with the addition of salts and the capillary tubing effect . It is also essential to investigate the combined effects of salts and other hydrocarbon species on the interaction force and hydrate formation rate in the future research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction Between the Cyclopentane Hydrate Particle and Water Droplet in Hydrocarbon Oil

et al. 2020

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The presence of immiscible water drops in bulk hydrocarbon is likely to bridge hydrate particles to cause hydrate agglomeration, leading to potential pipeline blockage. This can become a major challenge for flow assurance in offshore petroleum transportation. To avoid hydrate aggregation, the attachment between hydrate and water drops should be avoided. In this study, we used our home-designed integrated thin film drainage apparatus to investigate the interactions between a hydrate particle and a water drop inside model oil (i.e., mixture of cyclopentane and toluene with a volumetric ratio of 1:1). Our experiments showed that asphaltenes, a natural component in crude oil, were an effective inhibitor for the attachment between water drops and hydrate particles. Without asphaltenes in the system, the water drop adhered to the hydrate particle immediately after the two surfaces contacted. By adding 0.03 g/L asphaltenes into the oil phase, the attachment was delayed by 0.7 s when the applied preload force was set to around 0.05 mN. By increasing the asphaltenes addition to 0.05 g/L, the attachment between the hydrate and water drop was prevented even when the contact time lasted up to 25 s. This phenomenon could be explained by the adsorption of an asphaltenes layer along the interface between the aqueous drop and hydrocarbon. Measurements of the dynamic interfacial tension and crumping ratio confirmed the presence of the adsorption layer. The addition of 0.6 mol/L NaCl or 0.3 mol/L CaCl2 in the aqueous drop could further enhance the strength of the adsorption layer. Results of this research provide understanding of the benefits of asphaltenes and salt in preventing hydrate agglomeration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between the Cyclopentane Hydrate Particle and Water Droplet in Hydrocarbon Oil

et al. 2020

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“…The measurements indicated that chemical or physical surface modifications alone may be insufficient to eliminate hydrate deposition risk. According to the research of Lee et al , and Liu et al, − the coated water on the pipe wall significantly increased the adhesion force between hydrate particles and metal surfaces. Recently, using a custom-built high-pressure micromechanical force apparatus, Wang et al measured the adhesion forces between hydrate particles and CS surfaces at high pressures, and the effects of corrosion on the adhesion forces were analyzed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Solid Precipitation and Surface Corrosion on the Adhesion Strengths of Sintered Hydrate Deposits on Pipe Walls

et al. 2020

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A hydrate directly growing and sintering on a pipe wall is an important hydrate deposition case that has been relatively unexplored. In the present study, the adhesion strengths of a sintered cyclopentane (CyC5) hydrate deposit under different solid precipitation and surface corrosion conditions were measured and discussed. It was found that the hydrate adhesion strengths increased by 1.2–1.5× when the soaking time of the carbon steel substrate in a 5 wt % NaCl solution increased from 24 to 72 h, which reduced the water wetting angle from 112 ± 3.5° to 94 ± 3.3°. The wax coating reduced the strength of CyC5 hydrate adhesion by up to nearly 20-fold by reversing the substrate wettability and affecting the hydrate morphology. The measurements performed on scales indicate that calcium carbonate scales strengthen the adhesion strength because of the decrease in the water wetting angle. In addition, honeycomb holes on the surface reduce amplification. Furthermore, settling quartz sand on the wall reduced the adhesion strengths by decreasing the effective sintering area of the hydrate on the underlying base. Finer sand and higher concentrations led to lower strengths. On the basis of the verified linear correlation between the hydrate adhesion strength and the adhesion work of droplets on different substrates and the influence of water conversion during deposition, both an equation and a key constant parameter were obtained to predict the sintered hydrate deposit adhesion strengths on substrates.

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“…Adhesive forces between clathrates and solid surfaces are a field of practical importance. − Especially, this force causes a century-old problem of clathrate agglomeration and the consequence of pipeline blockage in the oil and gas industry. However, the origin of adhesion forces for clathrate surfaces is poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clathrate Adhesion Induced by Quasi-Liquid Layer

et al. 2021

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The adhesive force of clathrates to surfaces is a century-old problem of pipeline blockage for the energy industry. Here, we provide new physical insight into the origin of this force by accounting for the existence of a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) on clathrate surfaces. To gain this insight, we measure the adhesive force between a tetrahydrofuran clathrate and a solid sphere. We detect a strong adhesion, which originates from a capillary bridge that is formed from a nanometer-thick QLL on the clathrate surface. The curvature of this capillary bridge is nanoscaled, causes a large negative Laplace pressure, and leads to a strong capillary attraction. The microscopic capillary bridge expands and consolidates over time. This dynamic behavior explains the time-dependent increase of measured capillary forces. The adhesive force decreases greatly upon increasing the roughness and the hydrophobicity of the sphere, which founds the fundamental basics for reducing clathrate adhesion by using surface coating.

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Experimental Investigation on the Interaction Forces between Clathrate Hydrate Particles in the Presence of a Water Bridge

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Interaction Between the Cyclopentane Hydrate Particle and Water Droplet in Hydrocarbon Oil

Interaction Between the Cyclopentane Hydrate Particle and Water Droplet in Hydrocarbon Oil

Effects of Solid Precipitation and Surface Corrosion on the Adhesion Strengths of Sintered Hydrate Deposits on Pipe Walls

Clathrate Adhesion Induced by Quasi-Liquid Layer

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