Experimental Investigation on the Heat of Combustion for Solid Plastic Waste Mixtures

Costiuc, Liviu; Țierean, Mircea Horia; Baltes, Liana; Paţachia, Silvia

doi:10.30638/eemj.2015.140

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The driving forces of plastics recycling schemes are energy recovery and cutting emissions, penalties, energy consumption, non-renewable resources, and manufacturing costs [29,30]. Energy recovery from waste plastics depends on their calorific values (kJ/kg): coke~25,000-30,000, PE~44,800, PP~42,700, PS~41,900, PET~23,200, PVC~1800, and epoxy (resin)~32,000 [31,32]. More than 90% of the plastics produced (300 Mt/y) are not recycled [33].…”

Section: Simultaneous Decarbonization Wastes Management and Clean Energy Production In Portland Cementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonising the Portland and Other Cements—Via Simultaneous Feedstock Recycling and Carbon Conversions Sans External Catalysts

Devasahayam

2021

Polymers

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The current overarching global environmental crisis relates to high carbon footprint in cement production, waste plastic accumulation, and growing future energy demands. A simultaneous solution to the above crises was examined in this work. The present study focused on decarbonizing the calcination process of the cement making using waste plastics and biowastes as the reactants or the feedstock, to reduce the carbon footprint and to simultaneously convert it into clean energy, which were never reported before. Other studies reported the use of waste plastics and biowastes as fuel in cement kilns, applicable to the entire cement making process. Calcination of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate is the most emission intensive process in cement making in Portland cements and Novacem-like cements. In the Novacem process, which is based on magnesium oxide and magnesium carbonates systems, the carbon dioxide generated is recycled to carbonate magnesium silicates at elevated temperatures and pressures. The present study examined the Novacem-like cement system but in the presence of waste plastics and biomass during the calcination. The carbon dioxide and the methane produced during calcination were converted into syngas or hydrogen in Novacem-like cements. It was established that carbon dioxide and methane emissions were reduced by approximately 99% when plastics and biowastes were added as additives or feedstock during the calcination, which were converted into syngas and/or hydrogen. The reaction intermediates of calcination reactions (calcium carbonate–calcium oxide or magnesium carbonate–magnesium oxide systems) can facilitate the endothermic carbon conversion reactions to syngas or hydrogen acting as non-soot forming catalysts. The conventional catalysts used in carbon conversion reactions are expensive and susceptible to carbon fouling. Two criteria were established in this study: first, to reduce the carbon dioxide/methane emissions during calcination; second, to simultaneously convert the carbon dioxide and methane to hydrogen. Reduction and conversion of carbon dioxide and methane emissions were facilitated by co-gasification of plastics and bio-wastes.

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Section: Simultaneous Decarbonization Wastes Management and Clean Energy Production In Portland Cementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonising the Portland and Other Cements—Via Simultaneous Feedstock Recycling and Carbon Conversions Sans External Catalysts

Devasahayam

2021

Polymers

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“…For overnight reading, students were assigned a primary literature article evaluating the heats of combustion of plastic waste mixtures using bomb calorimetry, 62 and a discussion of it was incorporated into the next lecture. Since reading and understanding primary literature articles is often challenging for general chemistry students, their attention was directed toward the experimental section, Figure 3 which summarized the results, and the conclusion section of the article.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If bomb calorimeters are not available at all, a "dry lab" approach to this experiment could be conducted using the data in this paper. In all these situations, the exercise using the article cited here on the bomb calorimetry of plastic waste mixtures 62 could be used to enhance students' experience on the viability of bomb calorimetry to address pressing environmental concerns of our times. Taken together with the bomb calorimetry of coals, these exercises will engage students' interest in chemistry and its applications in solving real-life problems.…”

Section: ■ Adaptabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Heats of Combustion of Coals Using Bomb Calorimetry in the General Chemistry Laboratory

Bopegedera

2022

J. Chem. Educ.

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Calorimetry is a central concept in the first semester general chemistry curriculum, and constant pressure (coffee-cup) calorimetry is a common experiment in the laboratory. However, constant volume (bomb) calorimetry is traditionally reserved for the physical chemistry laboratory. This article describes the advantages of incorporating bomb calorimetry into the general chemistry laboratory by detailing an experiment on evaluating the heats of combustion of coals. Results from this experiment revealed that those coals with higher carbon contents have higher heats of combustion. The expected learning goals of this experiment and their assessment are detailed in the article. By combining coffee-cup and bomb calorimetry experiments, students gained a better understanding of closed, open, and isolated systems and were better able to discern the differences between enthalpy and internal energy. The bomb calorimetry of coals provided an excellent springboard for climate change discussions including an exploration into the types of coals, their impurities, and their formation. Students learned that it is the nitrogen and sulfur oxides, the inevitable byproducts from coal-powered electricity generation, which lead to acid rain. The connection between increasing atmospheric CO2 levels resulting from fossil fuel combustion and global climate change was explored using published data. A primary literature article on assessing the value of plastic wastes as a fuel was also incorporated into the discussion. Such discussions in the general chemistry curriculum with students from a broad spectrum of majors are critical, given the dire consequences of global climate change predicted by the 2022 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPCC).

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“…The LHV of each SRF sample is estimated as the weighted mean of the LHVs of the different materials, the weigths being the percentage estimated by the classifier. The material LHVs have been derived from the literature ( [11,12], Table 1).…”

Section: Mapping Srf Onto Lhv Estimationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation Of The Lower Heating Value Of Solid Recovered Fuel Based On Swir Hyper-Spectral Images And Machine Learning

Verga¹,

Compare²,

Zio³

et al. 2022

2022 12th Workshop on Hyperspectral Imaging and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)

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In this work, we apply Machine Learning techniques to Hyper-Spectral Images acquired by a Short Wave Infra-Red (SWIR) Camera, to classify the materials composing the Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF). This classification, enabled by data pre-processing techniques, is used to estimate the Lower Heat Value (LHV) of SRF samples, building on models of the literature. The accurate and timely estimates of SRF LHVs yield significant benefits to SRF consumers.

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Experimental Investigation on the Heat of Combustion for Solid Plastic Waste Mixtures

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Decarbonising the Portland and Other Cements—Via Simultaneous Feedstock Recycling and Carbon Conversions Sans External Catalysts

Decarbonising the Portland and Other Cements—Via Simultaneous Feedstock Recycling and Carbon Conversions Sans External Catalysts

Evaluating the Heats of Combustion of Coals Using Bomb Calorimetry in the General Chemistry Laboratory

Estimation Of The Lower Heating Value Of Solid Recovered Fuel Based On Swir Hyper-Spectral Images And Machine Learning

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