Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Copper Upon Eutectoid Transformation of As-Cast and Austenitized Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron

Sertucha, Jon; Larrañaga, P.; Lacaze, Jacques; Insausti, Maite

doi:10.1007/bf03355486

Cited by 29 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This latter effect has been also reported by Sertucha et al [7], as shown in figure 3 where the results of Neumeier et al [2], for alloys without tin have been plotted as well for comparison. It is quite possible that the shift of the transition from 0.6 wt.% Cu according to Sertucha et al [7], to 0.5 wt.% for Neumeier et al [2], relates to the associated increase in the manganese content from 0.15 wt.% to 0.27 wt.%. Results from Pan et al [5], for various manganese contents have been also reported in figure 3.…”

Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Effect of copper on ferrite fraction. Results from Pan et al [5] and Sertucha et al [7] are for TA cups, those from Neumeier are for keel-blocks [2] Neumeier et al could plot all their results along a single curve when considering (w Sn + 0.1w Cu ) as abscissa where w i is the mass fraction of element i, in % [2]. Following this, an attempt to defining an index of pearlite promoting elements was made using the whole set of data from Pan et al on TA cups [5].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6b). Unless observed when both ferrite and pearlite appear in the matrix [7], there is one single peak on the derivative of the cooling curve during the eutectoid transformation of the alloys cast in TA cups. This peak may be related to nucleation and growth of pearlite and there is certainly no ferrite in the microstructure as confirmed by metallographic analysis, see below.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Effects of Copper and Tin at Intermediate Level of Manganese on the Structure and Properties of As-Cast Nodular Graphite Cast Iron

Lacaze¹,

Sertucha²,

Larrañaga³

et al. 2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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Copper, manganese and tin are commonly used as pearlite promoter elements in cast irons. A number of studies have been aimed at quantitatively evaluate the effect of each of these elements, individually or at given levels of the others. As a matter of fact, while tin may be necessary for achieving a fully pearlitic matrix, it is known that when in excess it is detrimental for mechanical properties. As the pearlite promoting effect of each of those elements is totally different, it is of real interest to know the optimum combination of them for a given cooling rate. The present report is a first part of a work dedicated at characterizing the best alloying levels in terms of room temperature mechanical properties of as-cast pearlitic materials.Keywords: pearlitic nodular cast irons, copper, manganese, tin, room temperature mechanical properties IntrodutionCast irons are mostly used in as-cast state to avoid costly heat-treatments that would also impair some of their mechanical properties such as fatigue resistance. In several cases, the desired matrix may be either fully ferritic or fully pearlitic. The aim of this work was to find if an optimal combination of manganese, copper and tin could be defined as regards room temperature (RT) mechanical properties of nodular graphite iron (SGI) when a fully pearlitic matrix is looked for in the as-cast state. It appeared of interest to first perform a literature review of available information on the effect of these pearlite promoter elements on microstructure. A series of castings have then been achieved for selected compositions. Microstructure and mechanical properties of these castings are presented and compared to literature data. Literature reviewObtaining fully pearlitic matrix in as-cast complex components made of SGI needs resorting to alloying additions. Amongst other elements, the effect of manganese, copper and tin as pearlite promoters is well known though there are very few works available for really quantifying it. Furthermore, the published reports deal with at most interaction between two of these elements, tin and copper in the work by Levin et al. In all these works, the alloys contained 3.60-3.75 wt.% carbon and more or less 2.4 wt.% silicon. However, the casting conditions in these various works differed and as the cooling rate has a definite effect on the pearlite and ferrite amounts the results from these studies could be only partly compared.

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Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined Effects of Copper and Tin at Intermediate Level of Manganese on the Structure and Properties of As-Cast Nodular Graphite Cast Iron

Lacaze¹,

Sertucha²,

Larrañaga³

et al. 2017

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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“…This approach has been applied successfully to explain that Cu and Mn favour pearlite because they both decrease the driving force for carbon diffusion in ferrite and decrease more Tα than Tp. 9,10) Using the same hypothesis, this approach was extended to the reverse eutectoid transformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Temperature Range in Standard and Ni-bearing Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons

et al. 2012

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Describing the conditions for reaustenitization of spheroidal graphite cast irons is of interest for their heat-treatment after casting, e.g. for manufacturing austempered ductile irons. Differential thermal analysis has been used to characterize the direct eutectoid transformation and the reverse transformation, i.e. the reaustenitization. This has been applied to a standard and a Ni-bearing alloy, with a ferritic matrix for the former, both a ferritic and a pearlitic matrix for the latter. The results are discussed in relation with the stable and metastable three phase fields. While earlier description of the direct eutectoid transformation is confirmed, the one for reverse eutectoid has been found more complex and is amended.

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“…47 (4), JuLIO-AgOsTO, 307-318, 2011, IssN: 0034-8570, eIssN: 1988-4222, doi: 10.3989/revmetalm.1044 y tipo de elementos residuales aportados por las materias primas utilizadas. La presencia de muchos de estos elementos en concentraciones minoritarias influye directamente en la germinación y crecimiento del grafito [4][5][6][7] , condiciona en gran medida la evolución de la matriz metálica durante el proceso de enfriamiento en el estado sólido [8][9][10] , provoca la aparición de fenómenos de segregación durante la solidificación [11 y 12] y, en muchos casos, favorece la formación de carburos metálicos [13] . Por todo ello, la aportación de estos elementos químicos residuales afecta a las características estructurales de las piezas y condiciona sus propiedades mecánicas [8 y 13] .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influencia de la composición química de diferentes chatarras de acero sobre las propiedades mecánicas de la fundición con grafito esferoidal

Asenjo¹,

Larrañaga²,

Garay³

et al. 2011

REVMETAL

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ResumenSe han seleccionado diferentes chatarras de acero comerciales, con el fin de analizar las implicaciones de su utilización como materias primas y evaluar su aplicabilidad en la fabricación de piezas de fundición con grafito esferoidal. Estos aceros muestran una gran variabilidad en su composición química, dependiendo principalmente de su origen y naturaleza. Se han determinado los elementos químicos aportados por estos materiales y se han estudiado sus efectos sobre las características estructurales y las propiedades mecánicas de piezas test con diferentes morfologías y tamaños. El elemento de aportación más importante es el manganeso, el cual está presente en todos los aceros seleccionados en concentraciones superiores al 0,2 %. Otros elementos son: cobre, cromo, estaño, titanio y vanadio. Todos ellos, salvo el titanio y vanadio, originan aumentos en los contenidos de perlita en la matriz metálica, por lo que pueden ser utilizados para producir piezas con estructuras perlíticas y/o ferrítico-perlíticas. En ningún caso se ha detectado la formación de carburos. Palabras claveMaterias primas; Composición química; Fundición esferoidal; Propiedades mecánicas; Estructura matricial. Influence of the chemical composition of different steel scraps on the mechanical properties of ductile iron AbstractDifferent commercial steel scraps have been selected so as to analyse the outcome of their use as raw materials and to evaluate their applicability in the production of ductile iron castings. These selected steels show an important chemical variability mainly depending on their origin and on their previous utilisation. According to that, alloying elements added through these materials have been determined and their effects on the structural characteristics and the mechanical properties of test-castings with different shape and size have been studied. The most important element added is manganese, which is included in all the selected scraps with contents higher than 0.2 %. Other elements are: copper, chromium, tin, titanium and vanadium. All of them are known as pearlite promoters apart from titanium and vanadium. Therefore, these elements can be used for manufacturing casting containing pearlitic and/or mixed ferritic and pearlitic structures. No carbides were found in all the test castings.

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Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Copper Upon Eutectoid Transformation of As-Cast and Austenitized Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron

Cited by 29 publications

References 4 publications

Combined Effects of Copper and Tin at Intermediate Level of Manganese on the Structure and Properties of As-Cast Nodular Graphite Cast Iron

Combined Effects of Copper and Tin at Intermediate Level of Manganese on the Structure and Properties of As-Cast Nodular Graphite Cast Iron

Critical Temperature Range in Standard and Ni-bearing Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons

Influencia de la composición química de diferentes chatarras de acero sobre las propiedades mecánicas de la fundición con grafito esferoidal

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