Experimental Investigation on the Deformation Response of Hybrid 3D Woven Composites

Pankow, Mark; Yen, Chian-Fong; Rudolph, Miranda; Justusson, Brian; Zhang, Dianyun; Waas, Anthony M.

doi:10.2514/6.2012-1572

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…As a result, the glass tows can provide higher strain to failure in tension than the carbon tows, demonstrating a better energy absorption capability. This result agrees with the findings reported in Pankow et al (2012) that the pure glass architecture shows the highest ultimate tensile strength among all the hybrid configurations subjected to uniaxial tension. Additionally, the thick specimens show higher flexural failure strains than the thin ones, indicating that the H3DTC can achieve higher energy absorption by increasing the thickness of the architecture.…”

Section: Strain-to-failure In Flexuresupporting

confidence: 95%

“…It has been pointed out by many researchers, including Cox et al (1996), Huang and Waas, 2009, Rao et al (2009 that although the geometric distortion of the textile architecture resulting from curing and consolidation during manufacturing has little impact on the composite elastic properties, manufacturing induced unintended geometrical imperfections can significantly affect the resulting damage and failure response, including strength, strain to failure, and fatigue life. Although 3D reinforcements can improve the resistance to delamination, the insertion of throughthe-thickness Z-fibers tends to decrease the ultimate strength in tension (Cox et al, 1996;Quinn et al, 2008;Callus et al, 1999;Leong et al, 2000;Pankow et al, 2012). The failure is typically initiated due to matrix cracking between the fiber tows, and the locations are correlated to the strain concentrations caused by the presence of Z-fibers, as shown in Lomov et al (2008) and Ivanov et al (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Progressive damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites subjected to flexural loading, part I: Experimental studies

Zhang

Waas

Yen

2015

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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Keywords:Hybrid 3D textile composite Flexure Kink banding Progressive damage and failure a b s t r a c t This paper presents an experimental investigation of the deformation responses and failure mechanisms of hybrid 3D textile composites (H3DTCs) subjected to quasi-static three-point bending. The term ''hybrid" refers to different constituent fiber tows, including carbon, glass, and Kevlar that are integrally woven into a single preform. Three different hybrid architectures, manufactured by varying the percentages and lay-ups of the constituent fiber tows, were examined to understand the effect of hybridization on the resulting performance enhancement, including the bending modulus, flexural yield stress, and strain to failure. All the architectures show a ''plastic-like" nonlinear flexural response, indicating considerable damage tolerance and durability for this class of materials. It has been found that increasing the thickness of the specimens can increase the strain to failure in flexure. For an asymmetric H3DTC, which refers to an architecture that has carbon plies on one side and glass plies on the other (through-thethickness), an increased flexural yield stress can be achieved by placing the glass on the side that experiences compressive straining in flexure, whereas the failure strain is reduced by placing the carbon on the side which experiences tension. Distributed matrix cracking was observed in regions of predominant tension through a digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Although the experimental results show architecture-dependent responses, fiber tow kinking, which develops on the compressive side of the specimen is determined to be a strength limiting mechanism for this class of materials subjected to flexural loading. The experimental results are subsequently used as a basis for developing a mechanics based multiscale computational model for H3DTC deformation, damage and failure response in flexure. Details of the modeling strategy and the development of damage and failure constitutive models are presented in Part II of this two-part sequence (Zhang et al., in press).

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Section: Strain-to-failure In Flexuresupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Progressive damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites subjected to flexural loading, part I: Experimental studies

Zhang

Waas

Yen

2015

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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“…2. The composite weft and warp Young's moduli (E x and E y respectively) reported in uniaxial tension tests are 34:47 AE 3:58% GPa and 31:78 AE 11:34% GPa, respectively (Pankow et al, 2012b). Overall, the elastic moduli computed using the proposed method correlate well with the experimental results.…”

Section: Determination Of the Homogenized Composite Propertiessupporting

confidence: 62%

Progressive damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites subjected to flexural loading, part II: Mechanics based multiscale computational modeling of progressive damage and failure

Zhang

Waas

Yen

2015

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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a b s t r a c tA mechanics based multiscale computational model is presented to predict the deformation, damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites (H3DTCs) subjected to three-point bending. The geometry of the textile architecture was incorporated in a mesoscale finite element (FE) model, while the H3DTC was homogenized at the macroscale. The mesoscale model is a collection of repeat unit cells (RUCs) that are composed of different types of fiber tows embedded in a surrounding matrix. Matrix microdamage was modeled by a (pre-peak) nonlinear stress versus strain response, using a modified J 2 deformation theory of plasticity incorporating a secant-modulus approach. Fiber tow pre-peak nonlinear response was computed using a novel, two-scale model, in which the subscale micromechanical analysis was carried out in closed-form based upon a unit cell of a fiber-matrix concentric cylinder. Consequently, the influence of matrix microdamage developing at the microscale manifests as the progressive degradation of fiber tow stiffness at the mesoscale. The smeared crack approach (SCA) was employed to model the post-peak softening of the constituents due to failure, including matrix macro-cracking, tow kinking, and tow breaking. This method offers a mesh objective result by relating the post-peak softening response to a traction-separation law that is associated with each failure mechanism through a characteristic length. Thus, the total energy release rate during failure in a continuum element is related to the fracture toughness of the material.The load-deflection responses, along with the progressive damage and failure events, including fiber tow kinking and rupture, are successfully predicted through the proposed computational model. In addition, the textile architecture-dependent effect, observed in the asymmetric H3DTCs, is also captured, demonstrating the predictive capability of the proposed modeling scheme. Since all the inputs are from the constituent level, the model is useful in understanding how the macroscopic response of H3DTCs is influenced by textile architecture and constituent properties. The experimental studies are presented in Part I of this two-part sequence Zhang et al., in press.

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“…Stress-starin responses, linear elastic moduli, Poisson ratios, peak strength and failure strains have been experimentally determined in [39]. The tensile test simulations are carried out for model I (idealized perfect model with no imperfections) and model II (imperfect model with in situ geometric imperfections generated by SIMPLEWARE) simultaneously in both the weft and warp directions and the simulation results are compared with the experimental results as summarized in the following sections.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage and failure modelling of hybrid three-dimensional textile composites: a mesh objective multi-scale approach

Patel

Waas

2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Experimental Investigation on the Deformation Response of Hybrid 3D Woven Composites

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Progressive damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites subjected to flexural loading, part I: Experimental studies

Progressive damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites subjected to flexural loading, part I: Experimental studies

Progressive damage and failure response of hybrid 3D textile composites subjected to flexural loading, part II: Mechanics based multiscale computational modeling of progressive damage and failure

Damage and failure modelling of hybrid three-dimensional textile composites: a mesh objective multi-scale approach

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