“…The excellent properties of UHPC in terms of strain hardening and energy absorption (Graybeal, Baby 2013; Habel 2004;Yoo, Banthia 2016;Graybeal 2005;Yoo, Yoon 2016;Wille et al 2014) lead to members showing significantly improved structural performance after being strengthened with a UHPC layer. In addition, UHPC has been applied to the strengthening of RC members in the form of precast plates (Alaee, Karihaloo 2003), overlays (Habel et al 2007;Noshiravani, Brühwiler 2013b;Oesterlee 2010), and patch material for rehabilitation (Yin et al 2017). UHPC has been shown to greatly influence the overall response of structural members, including their cracking development patterns, ultimate strength, and ductility.…”