Experimental investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of lead–bismuth eutectic in circular tubes

Zhang, Yan; Wang, Chenglong; Cai, Rong-Gen; Lan, Zhike; Shen, Yaou; Tian, Wenxi; Su, G.H.; Qiu, Suizheng

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115820

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The variables in this experiment included the inner diameter of the test sections, the mass flow rate of the LBE, the inlet temperature, and the heat flux added to the test section. Previous work (Zhang et al, 2020a) examined seven cases for a 20-mm-diameter pipe and six cases for a 35-mm-diameter pipe. This study completes six cases for a 50-mm-diameter pipe according to the same experimental methods.…”

Section: Experimental Conditions and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Lead-Based Liquid Metals in a Turbulent Tube Flow and the Impacts of Roughness

et al. 2021

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Lead-based liquid metals (LLMs) such as lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) and lead, are currently the most interesting candidate coolants for fast reactors because of their excellent physical properties, which can improve safety and reduce costs. However, in comparison to other liquid metals, previous research on the flow and heat-transfer characteristics of LLMs has been limited. Therefore, this work carried out flow and heat-transfer experiments in LBE flowing through a circular tube in the Natural Circulation Capability Loop (NCCL) facility. The results show a significantly higher friction factor than that of water flowing in a smooth pipe. Furthermore, the Nusselt numbers were found to be lower than those found in data in the literature for experiments carried out in a smooth tube at low Péclet numbers, while they were higher at high Péclet numbers. Therefore, theoretical analyses were performed for LLMs flowing in both smooth and rough pipes, and the impacts of roughness on the heat transfer of an LLM were examined. The theoretical relations for a smooth pipe and a rough pipe were validated using experimental data from the literature and the results of the NCCL experiments, respectively. The results of the theoretical relation for a smooth pipe fitted the literature data well. The derived theoretical relation for a rough pipe with a relative roughness of 0.004 fitted the NCCL data best. Moreover, it was established from the theoretical analysis that roughness has two competitive impacts on the heat transfer of an LLM: it reduces conductive heat transfer while enhancing convective heat transfer. Because conductive heat transfer is important for liquid metals, even with turbulent flow, a small roughness will lead to heat-transfer deterioration at low Péclet numbers, and it may even deteriorate across the whole typical Péclet-number range. This discovery has important implications for the thermal–hydraulic design of LLM reactors, because corrosion and erosion by an LLM will lead to a rough surface after long operating times.

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Section: Experimental Conditions and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All the measuring points in the test section are shown in Figure 2. More information about the NCCL experimental facility can be found in a previous report (Zhang et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Experimental Loopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Lead-Based Liquid Metals in a Turbulent Tube Flow and the Impacts of Roughness

et al. 2021

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“…Wang et al [4] conducted an experimental study on the heat transfer efficiency of LBE with helium exchange and found that the overall heat transfer coefficient of the exchanger increased with inlet temperature. Zhang et al [5] studied the heat transfer characteristic of LBE in the round pipeline and fitted a heat transfer relationship between the Nu and the Pe of the LBE in the circular tube. Cheng and Tak [6] carried out CFD studies on flow and heat transfer characteristics of LBE in triangular subchannels and square subchannels and found that the turbulence distribution in triangular and square channels was similar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics and Erosion Law of Particulate in LBE on the Subchannel

Zhu

2022

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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A triangle subchannel model was established to study the flow and heat transfer characteristics of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) alloy and the erosion rate of the core channel by the particulate in LBE. Under different inlet velocities, particle types, particle diameters, and particle concentrations, the erosion law of the channel wall in LEB was investigated by using a discrete phase model (DPM). The results of this study showed that with the increase of inlet velocity, the outlet temperature of the LEB decreases and the heat transfer capacity was strengthened. The increase of inlet velocity will lead to the increase of erosion rate on the wall, and the change is exponential. The erosion rate of particulate in the low concentration is small but cannot be ignored; with increasing concentration of particulates, the erosion of the wall by particulates becomes serious. The effect of particulate density on the wall erosion rate can be ignored. The effect of changing the particle size on the erosion rate is more significant when the particle size is small, and at the same time, the erosion rate of the particles on the wall increases with the increase of the particle size.

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“…Rather than dropping distinctly, the heat transfer coefficient rose to a peak before decreasing when switching forced to natural circulation. Fitted correlations of friction resistance coefficient and Nusselt number were proposed based on the experiment of LBE flowing in a tube 16 . Besides, many researchers carried out flow field visualization experiments using laser Doppler velocimetry and particle image velocimetry to study the flow behaviors under normal operation 17,18 and flow blockage conditions 19 in liquid metal fast reactors, which provided data for CFD validation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal‐hydraulic analysis of wire‐wrapped rod bundle in lead‐based fast reactor with non‐uniform heat flux

Dong

Ahmad

Khan

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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As one of the most promising advanced reactors, the lead-based fast reactor has drawn great attention due to economic and safety advantages. Investigating thermal hydraulics is essential for the design of a lead-based reactor.In this paper, a CFD simulation of a 19-wire-wrapped-rod bundle with leadbismuth eutectic (LBE) as coolant is carried out using the Reynoldsaveraged Navier-Stokes equation method, and four different types of axial non-uniform heat flux are applied. Excellent validation of results for thermal and hydraulic aspects is obtained first by comparing simulation results using turbulent model k-ω SST with experimental data and high-fidelity large eddy simulation data. The mechanism of transverse flow variation in subchannels and faces resulting from changing locations of wires is studied.

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Experimental investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of lead–bismuth eutectic in circular tubes

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Lead-Based Liquid Metals in a Turbulent Tube Flow and the Impacts of Roughness

Study of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Lead-Based Liquid Metals in a Turbulent Tube Flow and the Impacts of Roughness

Investigation of the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics and Erosion Law of Particulate in LBE on the Subchannel

Thermal‐hydraulic analysis of wire‐wrapped rod bundle in lead‐based fast reactor with non‐uniform heat flux

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