“…Accordingly, the ice pavement problems with respect to ice warning and deicing should be taken seriously (Dan et al, 2014). Currently, many technologies were developed to deice (Croutch and Harttey, 1992;Petrenko, 1999;Sarkar and Farzaneh, 2009), including the mechanical deicing technology (SHRP, 1994;Taggart et al, 2002;Dan et al, 2020b). In general, the ice strength directly affects the difficulty and effectiveness of the mechanical deicing (Oksanen, 1983;SHRP, 1994;Tan, 2008).…”