The paper is devoted to an experimental and numerical investigation of the problem of
excitation of three-dimensional Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves in a boundary layer on
an airfoil owing to scattering of an acoustic wave on localized microscopic surface non-uniformities.
The experiments were performed at controlled disturbance conditions on a symmetric airfoil section
at zero angle of attack. In each set of measurements, the acoustic wave had a fixed frequency
fac, in the range of unstable TS-waves. The three-dimensional
surface non-uniformity was positioned close to the neutral stability point at branch I
for the two-dimensional perturbations. To avoid experimental difficulties in the distinction of
the hot-wire signals measured at the same (acoustic) frequency but having a different physical
nature, the surface roughness was simulated by a quasi-stationary surface non-uniformity
(a vibrator) oscillating with a low frequency fv. This led to
the generation of TS-wavetrains at combination frequencies
f1,2=fac ∓
fv. The spatial behaviour of these wavetrains has been
studied in detail for three different values of the acoustic frequency. The disturbances
were decomposed into normal oblique TS-modes. The initial amplitudes and phases of these modes
(i.e. at the position of the vibrator) were determined by means of an upstream extrapolation of
the experimental data. The shape of the vibrator oscillations was measured by means of a laser
triangulation device and mapped onto the Fourier space.