Experimental investigation of water injection and spark timing effects on combustion and emissions of a hybrid hydrogen-gasoline engine

Qian, Li-Jun; Wan, Juye; Qian, Yejian; Sun, Yu; Zhuang, Yuan

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124051

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Hydrogen has the opposite effect; the greater its amount, the more the pressure and temperature rise, as it also shortens combustion duration and increases laminar combustion speed. Such a phenomenon is sufficiently well-studied, and the results presented in the work are very similar [40][41][42].…”

Section: Numerical Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 62%

Effect of Water Injection on Combustion and Emissions Parameters of SI Engine Fuelled by Hydrogen–Natural Gas Blends

Pukalskas,

Korsakas,

Stankevičius

et al. 2024

Energies

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Technologies used in the transport sector have a substantial impact on air pollution and global warming. Due to the immense impact of air pollution on Earth, it is crucial to investigate novel ways to reduce emissions. One way to reduce pollution from ICE is to use alternative fuels. However, blends of alternative fuels in different proportions are known to improve some emissions’ parameters, while others remain unchanged or even worsen. It is therefore necessary to find ways of reducing all the main pollutants. For SI engines, mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas can be used as alternative fuels. The use of such fuel mixtures makes it possible to reduce CO, HC, and CO2 emissions from the engine, but the unique properties of hydrogen tend to increase NOx emissions. One way to address this challenge is to use port water injection (PWI). This paper describes studies carried out under laboratory conditions on an SI engine fuelled with CNG and CNG + H2 mixtures (H2 = 5, 10, 15% by volume) and injected with 60 and 120 mL/min of water into the engine. The tests showed that the additional water injection reduced CO and NOx emissions by about 20% and 4–5 times, respectively. But, the results also show that water injection at the rate of 120 mL/min increases fuel consumption by between 2.5% and 7% in all cases.

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Section: Numerical Assessmentsupporting

confidence: 62%

Effect of Water Injection on Combustion and Emissions Parameters of SI Engine Fuelled by Hydrogen–Natural Gas Blends

Pukalskas,

Korsakas,

Stankevičius

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…In the field of spark-ignition piston engines, renewable fuels, such as various types of alcohol fuels, have been used to power them for many years [3]. Gaseous fuels are also used here, e.g., hydrogen [4]. Such engines are also willingly used for the utilization of waste fuels such as post-fermentation gases (biogas) or process fuels (coke oven gas) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Engine Supported with Dimethyl Ether

Tutak,

Pyrc,

Gruca

et al. 2023

Energies

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This paper presents the results of experimental tests with a spark-ignition engine powered using ammonia and DME (dimethyl ether). The tests were carried out on a CFR (cooperative fuel research) engine with a compression ratio of 10 and a rotational speed of 600 rpm. DME was used as a fuel to facilitate the initiation and then accelerate the combustion in the SI (spark-ignition) engine. It turned out that only about 10% of the energy share of DME ensures the correct combustion process. DME has a positive effect on the combustion stages, reduces the ignition delay time, and shortens the combustion duration. Thanks to this, for 18% of the energy share of NH3, the highest engine efficiency (29.8%), the highest value of the average indicated pressure IMEP (712 kPa), and the minimum value of specific energy consumption (12.1 MJ/kWh) were obtained. Even the smallest DME content ensured the high repeatability of IMEP, below the permissible limit of 5%.

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“…Hydrogen is among the prospective substances to be used as a gaseous fuel for propulsion and energy, including green energy. It can be utilized as a fuel for engines by itself [ 1 ] or as an additive to conventional types of fuels [ 2 ]. Moreover, hydrogen is an energy carrier for fuel cells, which can also be used for propulsion [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Critical Condition for Flame Acceleration in Hydrogen-Based Mixtures

2023

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The paper presents a novel numerical approach to the quantitative estimation of the concentration limits for flame acceleration in hydrogen-based mixtures. A series of calculations are carried out for hydrogen–air and hydrogen–oxygen flames in channels. The analysis of the obtained numerical results provided the value of 11 ± 0.25 % hydrogen content in the mixture as a lean concentration limit of flame acceleration that agrees well with the available experimental data. Moreover, the basic physical mechanism responsible for the transition from the steady mode of flame propagation to the accelerated one is distinguished. The mechanism is related to flame stretching in the region of interaction with the boundary layer and the competition between the joint increase in burning rate and heat losses. The novel technique for the estimation of concentration limits of flame acceleration presented here can be applied to assess combustion conditions inside combustors of energy and propulsion systems fed with hydrogen. The results are also useful in estimating explosion and fire risks in hydrogen storage, transport, and utilization facilities as parts of hydrogen energy and propulsion systems.

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Experimental investigation of water injection and spark timing effects on combustion and emissions of a hybrid hydrogen-gasoline engine

Cited by 20 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of Water Injection on Combustion and Emissions Parameters of SI Engine Fuelled by Hydrogen–Natural Gas Blends

Effect of Water Injection on Combustion and Emissions Parameters of SI Engine Fuelled by Hydrogen–Natural Gas Blends

Ammonia Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Engine Supported with Dimethyl Ether

On the Critical Condition for Flame Acceleration in Hydrogen-Based Mixtures

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