Experimental Investigation of Variations in Spark Timing using a Spark‐Ignition Engine with Hydrogen‐Blended Gasoline

Abstract

This study describes an experiment conducted using an electronically controllable single‐cylinder high‐speed gasoline engine to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics of various hydrogen–gasoline blends. The experiments have been conducted for various engine speeds and spark timings at the wide open throttle position. The experimental results revealed that the engine brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure first increase and then decrease with the increase engine speed at all spark timings. The minimum amount of brake specific energy consumption was observed for 20 % hydrogen addition in the total fuel blend at 3000 rpm engine speed and 14 °crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC) spark timing. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were reduced with the retardation of spark timings. Nitrogen oxide emissions were continuously increased with the addition of hydrogen in the fuel blend as well as spark timing advance.

Influence of water‐methanol injection and turbocharging on the performance of a hydrogen‐fueled spark ignition engine

“…The results exhibited that H1 and H2 operations had slightly lower CO emissions compared to counter‐engine operations, but the values were too low in comparison to neat hydrogen. This can be attributed to the wide high flame speed and flammability range of hydrogen, which rapidly consumes oxygen and adjacent air from water–methanol, leading to a reduction in CO oxidation time and post‐combustion period resulting in lower CO emissions (Ji & Wang, 2009; Ma et al., 2010; Shivaprasad et al., 2015; Wan et al., 2021). As shown in Exhibit 12(a), it can be concluded that emissions of CO decrease for hydrogen, H1 and H2 operations compared to gasoline, but there is a slight increase as the speed of engine also increases.…”

“…Moreover, the HC emissions for all hydrogen-based fuels increased as engine speed increased. This can be accredited to the higher flame speed, shorter distance of quenching, and greater diffusivity of hydrogen, which increase the formation rate of OH radicals and thus reduce HC emissions (Chitragar et al, 2017;Ji et al, 2012;Shivaprasad et al, 2015Shivaprasad et al, , 2016. The water injection into the engine's intake manifold also influences the emission of HC.…”

Strategies for Reducing Automobile Fuel Consumption

“…Shivaprasad et al [37,38] investigated the impact of hydrogen blending with gasoline in spark-ignition engines, indicating that a 20% hydrogen blend can improve engine efficiency and reduce emissions. While such blending has been shown to reduce HC and CO emissions, contributing to improved combustion efficiency, it is also associated with an increase in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions.…”

An Overview of Pre-ignition of Hydrogen Engine

“…sources [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Hydrogen energy has received widespread attention for its clean, efficient, renewable and sustainable characteristics [8,9].…”