Experimental investigation of thermal–rheological properties and heat transfer behavior of the heat transfer oil–copper oxide (HTO–CuO) nanofluid in smooth tubes
“…In the present work, KD2 Pro is utilized to find the thermal conductivity of the cobalt nanofluids also. Various investigators [27][28][29][30] previously used KD2 Pro to measure the thermal conductivity of the fluids.In the literature reports indicate that a number of researchers [31][32][33] used Brookfield viscometer to test the viscosity of the fluids. The cobalt nanofluid is prepared by Nano Wings Private Limited, India.…”
The present work involves in determination of a suitable ratio of glycerol-water (GW) mixture for the preparation of nanofluid. The base liquid with 30% weight of glycerol is selected, based on the thermo-physical properties for dispersion of spherical cobalt (Co) nanoparticles of 80nm size, for a maximum concentration of 2% by weight. The stability investigation of prepared nanofluids is done by measuring Zeta potential and SEM imaging. The prepared cobalt nanofluid thermal conductivity is measured by maintaining 7.5pH as that concerned value has maximum Zeta potential. The maximum increment in thermal conductivity is found to be 38.4% for 2% nanofluid concentration is determined at a temperature of 60oC. The data obtained for the base liquid are in fine concurrence with the published data
“…In the present work, KD2 Pro is utilized to find the thermal conductivity of the cobalt nanofluids also. Various investigators [27][28][29][30] previously used KD2 Pro to measure the thermal conductivity of the fluids.In the literature reports indicate that a number of researchers [31][32][33] used Brookfield viscometer to test the viscosity of the fluids. The cobalt nanofluid is prepared by Nano Wings Private Limited, India.…”
The present work involves in determination of a suitable ratio of glycerol-water (GW) mixture for the preparation of nanofluid. The base liquid with 30% weight of glycerol is selected, based on the thermo-physical properties for dispersion of spherical cobalt (Co) nanoparticles of 80nm size, for a maximum concentration of 2% by weight. The stability investigation of prepared nanofluids is done by measuring Zeta potential and SEM imaging. The prepared cobalt nanofluid thermal conductivity is measured by maintaining 7.5pH as that concerned value has maximum Zeta potential. The maximum increment in thermal conductivity is found to be 38.4% for 2% nanofluid concentration is determined at a temperature of 60oC. The data obtained for the base liquid are in fine concurrence with the published data
“…KD2Pro is used to test the nanofluid thermal conductivity and previously various researchers used the same instrument for same tests [35][36][37][38]. The silica nanofluid viscosity is measured by Brookfield digital rheometer model LVDV-III, the same instrument is employed previously by various researchers [39][40][41] for measuring nanofluid viscosity.…”
The main objectives of the present work embrace the preparation of cobalt nanofluids, amalgamation of silica nanofluid with optimum glycerol-water (G-W) mixture ratio and estimation of its thermal properties like thermal conductivity and viscosity experimentally. Optimum ratio of base liquid (G-W mixture) was selected for the preparation of nanofluids. Subsequently, thermophysical properties of the hybrid nano mixture have been determined experimentally using KD2Pro thermal properties analyzer and Brookfield viscometer at different volume concentrations of silica nanofluids. Attained results reveal that, the dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity are found to be growing remarkably with the increase in nanoparticle weight concentration in base liquid mixture. The results are found to be in good agreement with the available data from the literature.
“…These fluids possess a higher heat transfer rate than the base fluids. On the basis of the previous paper results [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], the thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids have been found to be the functions of volume concentration, temperature, particle size and shape and sonication time. These positive results have motivated researchers to use the nanofluids in many heat transfer applications.…”
In this research, the effects of sonication time and volume concentration of cupric oxide (CuO)/water nanofluids on the thermal conductivity, viscosity and performance of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) solar collector are investigated experimentally. Pure water, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% volume concentrations of CuO/water nanofluids prepared with 1, 2, 3 and 4 h sonication time are used as the heat transfer fluids in this study. The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids are the functions of sonication time and volume concentration and using a 0.2 vol.% nanofluid prepared with 4 h sonication time, the thermal conductivity and viscosity were enhanced up to 3.5 and 7.5%, respectively, with respect to the base fluid, whereas for the same volume concentration and sonication time, the observed thermal and electrical efficiencies of the PVT solar collector are 80.7 and 15.1%, respectively, at 12 noon. It was observed that the highest total efficiency of the PVT solar collector of about 95.8% was obtained for 0.2% CuO/water nanofluid and 4 h sonication time at 12 noon.
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