Experimental investigation of the turbulent heavy liquid metal heat transfer in the thermal entry region of a vertical annulus with constant heat flux on the inner surface

Marocco, Luca; Loges, André; Wetzel, Thomas; Stieglitz, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.06.037

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Furthermore, the largest data scatter is found at low Pe for Na/NaK and at high Pe for Hg, which could be ascribed to the presence of mixed convection possibly due to too high heat fluxes. The same behavior is almost absent in Pb and LBE, or restricted to a very narrow interval, as described in [33]. Open circle Hg data of [11]; filled circle NaK data of [48]; solid line Eq.…”

Section: Selection Of Proper Correlationssupporting

confidence: 55%

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Review of data and correlations for turbulent forced convective heat transfer of liquid metals in pipes

2014

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Within the present work the dataset of experimental points and the heat transfer correlations available in literature for liquid-metal fully-developed, forced-convective heat transfer in pipes are reviewed and critically analyzed. Over 1,100 data points from 21 different sources are considered for constant heat flux, covering a wide range of operating conditions (velocity, heat flux, diameter, among others). Among 15 evaluated correlations, four appropriate ones are recommended for forced turbulent convection: one covering all the data points and the other three respectively related to alkali liquid metals, lead alloys and mercury. Moreover, a new correlation has been derived as a best fit of the limited number of available data points for constant wall temperature, while an alternative evaluation method is also described for this boundary condition

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Section: Selection Of Proper Correlationssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…These effects influence the value of the measured Nusselt number. A detailed discussion about mixed convection in liquid metal flows can be found in [4,17] and [33]. most cases, but can be estimated to be no lower than 5-10 %), all LMs present similar heat transfer behavior, i.e.…”

Section: Survey Of Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 95%

Review of data and correlations for turbulent forced convective heat transfer of liquid metals in pipes

2014

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“…[7] and Ref. [10] cannot be used for comparison of the present LES results because both are for higher Reynolds numbers. Moreover, the first uses RANS models, while the second is for α = 0.1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large Eddy Simulation of Liquid Metal Turbulent Mixed Convection in a Vertical Concentric Annulus

Marocco

Garita

2018

Journal of Heat Transfer

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In the present study, turbulent forced and mixed convection heat transfer to a liquid metal flowing upwards in a concentric annulus is numerically investigated by means of large eddy simulation (LES). The inner-to-outer radius ratio is 0.5. The Reynolds number based on bulk velocity and hydraulic diameter is 8900, while the Prandtl number is set to a value of 0.026. A uniform and equal heat flux is applied on both walls. LES has been chosen to provide sufficiently accurate results for validating Reynolds-averaged turbulence models. Moreover, with the thermal sublayer thickness of liquid metals being much larger than the viscous hydrodynamic one, liquid metals present a separation between the turbulent thermal and hydrodynamic scales. Thus, with the same grid resolution, it is possible to perform a LES for the flow field and a “thermal” direct numerical simulation (DNS) for the temperature field. Comparison of the forced convection results with available DNS simulations shows satisfying agreement. Results for mixed convection are analyzed and the differences with respect to forced convection at the same Reynolds number are thoroughly discussed. Moreover, where possible, a comparison with air is made.

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“…However, data obtained by experimental techniques are yet insufficient. Limited by the opaque and strong corrosiveness of LBE and the current experimental measurement techniques, these experiments mainly focus on the pressure drop, temperature difference, and heat transfer coefficient, while the details of the temperature and velocity fields are difficult to measure (Marocco et al, 2012;. In addition, most experimental studies on the characteristics of flow and heat exchange focus on the pipes, annular cavities, or longitudinally flow through fuel rods (Lefhalm et al, 2004;Tarantino et al, 2008;Cho et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer of Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Flow Over a Circular Cylinder at Re = 500

et al. 2022

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The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) (Prandtl number Pr = 0.025) passing over a circular cylinder at Re = 500 are studied by direct numerical simulation and compared with the case of the air (Pr = 0.71). This article makes two major contributions: (1) heat transfer characteristics for the LBE flowing past a circular cylinder. For the case of air, the results show that a similarity exists among the wake structure of instantaneous temperature, fluctuating temperature, and velocity. However, these fields differ severely for the case of LBE. The local time-averaged Nusselt number (Nu¯) and circumferentially averaged Nu¯ are smaller in the LBE than that in the air. The circumferential and spanwise distributions of Nu¯ in the LBE show a greater uniformity. The regions with larger circumferential or spanwise inhomogeneity appear in the flow separation zone. Besides, a resemblance between the distribution of the root mean square of fluctuation temperature and the turbulence kinetic energy can be recognized in the air; however, the similarity disappears for the case of LBE and in which the temperature fluctuation is smaller than that in the air. (2) Study on the temperature and velocity defect laws in the wake. By introducing the defect scales, it is concluded that the velocity field has not entered the self-preserving state yet, while the self-preserving state starts at the location of five times the diameter of the cylinder downstream of the cylinder for the temperature in the LBE and that of 21 times for the temperature in the air. In summary, even if without taking the buoyancy force into consideration, this article provides a fruitful description of the flow and heat transfer characteristics when the LBE flows past a cylinder, which is a typical flow in a helical coil steam generator of lead–bismuth alloy-cooled fast reactors. These highly resolved data on velocity and temperature are valuable for turbulence and heat fluxes modeling in the future and may facilitate the in-depth understanding of such flow and heat transfer characteristics within a limited variation range of operating temperature.

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Experimental investigation of the turbulent heavy liquid metal heat transfer in the thermal entry region of a vertical annulus with constant heat flux on the inner surface

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Review of data and correlations for turbulent forced convective heat transfer of liquid metals in pipes

Review of data and correlations for turbulent forced convective heat transfer of liquid metals in pipes

Large Eddy Simulation of Liquid Metal Turbulent Mixed Convection in a Vertical Concentric Annulus

Direct Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer of Lead–Bismuth Eutectic Flow Over a Circular Cylinder at Re = 500

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