Experimental Investigation of the Transformation of Oil Shale with Fracturing Fluids under Microwave Heating in the Presence of Nanoparticles

Yang, Zhaozhong; Zhu, Jingyi; Li, Yong; Luo, Dan; Qi, Shuangyu; Jia, Min

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00908

Cited by 39 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…So MW-generated oils which were rich in p-Xylene, indene, naphthalene and other aromatic hydrocarbons were desirable for obtaining recoverable energy and chemicals. It was also concluded in other report that microwave irradiation can both crack the chemical bonds in large molecules, such as long-chain, branched-chain, and heterocyclic compounds and convert them into small-molecule fractions [45]. This may contribute to explaining the composition difference between MW and CV pyrolysis.…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 66%

Insights into the synergetic effect for co-pyrolysis of oil sands and biomass using microwave irradiation

Fan

et al. 2019

Fuel

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Microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of oil sands and biomass (sawdust) was carried out for the first time to investigate the synergistic effect under microwave irradiation. In the co-pyrolysis process, the pyrolysis residues of sawdust serve as the effective microwave absorber to enable the improved thermal decomposition of oil sands compared with the case by the conventional thermal treatment. Effects of co-pyrolysis temperature, blending ratio, and feedstock-tomicrowave absorber ratio on the product distribution were examined. Compared with conventional (CV) co-pyrolysis, a synergetic effect, in terms of 10.9wt.% higher gas yield and 8.3wt.% lower liquid yield, was manifested during microwave (MW) co-pyrolysis. Biomass added to the feedstock promoted the generation of compounds with molecular weight >800 Da in the liquid products. MW radiation promoted 24.5 % higher aromatic hydrocarbons on average, but 19.2% fewer phenols in MW-generated oils, which are more desirable as value-added chemicals. Furthermore, chars produced by MW performed more porotic, contributing to positive recycling as absorbing materials. The thermochemical conversion of biomass with oil sand revealed that MW heating is a simple, effective, and alternative solution to increase the energy efficiency of co-pyrolysis process, maximizing the use of resources. Cover Letter Fuel Reference manuscript JFUE-D-18-03404R1 Insights into the synergetic effect for co-pyrolysis of oil sands and biomass using microwave irradiation by Hong Li, Jing Li, Xiaolei Fan, Xingang Li, Xin Gao Dear Editor, Thank you so much for your letter. I am very pleased that you will consider our manuscript for publication in Fuel. Furthermore, we thank the reviewers for their valuable comments on our manuscript entitled "Insights into the synergetic effect for co-pyrolysis of oil sands and biomass using microwave irradiation". All the comments are very valuable and helpful for revising and improving our paper. We have considered the comments carefully and made more appropriate corrections which we trust to meet your approval. Revised portions are marked with red text in the paper. The detailed corrections in the paper and the responses to the reviewers' comments are listed point by point hereafter. Answers to reviewers' comments Reviewer 1 Comments: The author did interesting work carring out the microwave-assisted co-pyrolysis of oil sands and biomass firstly. Co-pyrolysis resulted in a higher gas yield and lower liquid yield than the single-material pyrolysis. The yields of MW-generated volatiles were higher than CV-generated volatiles. Thermal decomposition behavior and determination of the final temperature, determination of additives, oil composition analysis and characterization of chars are investigated with different oprating conditions. This article provides a new route for the utilization of biomass, which has significant consequence. Author reply: We thank the reviewer for the positive feedback and the constructive comments. Comment 1: The English expression should be c...

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Section: Gc-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 66%

Insights into the synergetic effect for co-pyrolysis of oil sands and biomass using microwave irradiation

Fan

et al. 2019

Fuel

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“…Bera and Babadagli confirmed the positive effect of microwave heating on the viscosity reduction of heavy oil . According to the development of oil shale, Yang proposed a microwave heating method with hydraulic fracturing for the in situ exploitation of oil shale . Moreover, lab experiments proved that oil shale could be efficiently transform into shale oil with high production and high quality under microwave irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…8 According to the development of oil shale, Yang proposed a microwave heating method with hydraulic fracturing for the in situ exploitation of oil shale. 9 Moreover, lab experiments proved that oil shale could be efficiently transform into shale oil with high production and high quality under microwave irradiation. It only took 3 minutes for oil shale to reach approximately 1000°C under microwave heating in the existence of microwave absorbent conducted by Hascakir, showing the great function of microwave.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of different microwave heating parameters on the pore structure of oil shale samples

Zhu

Yang

et al. 2018

Energy Science & Engineering

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The pore structure of oil shale during microwave heating significantly determines the flow behavior, the transformation products and the ultimate recovery regardless of ex situ retorting or in situ development methods. In this experimental study, the effects of microwave heating parameters including heating time, reaction temperature and output power on the heating behavior, surface morphology and pore roughness of oil shale were investigated based on the nitrogen adsorption/desorption and scanning electron microscope (SEM) experiments. Fractal dimension D1 and D2 (at relative pressures of 0‐0.5 and 0.5‐1, respectively) were calculated according to the fractal Frenkel‐Halsey‐Hill model. The relationships between specific surface area, cumulative pore volume, average pore diameter, and fractal dimension have been studied. The results demonstrated that the pore structure of oil shale was greatly influenced by microwave heating parameters due to the decomposition of kerogen, the internal pressure caused by the steam and volatiles, the complicated reactions and the thermal stress induced by microwave. Moreover, fractal dimension also changed correspondingly with different heating parameters. The variations of fractal dimension D1 was consistent with the evolvement of specific surface area and the changes in fractal dimension D2 showed negative correlation with average pore volume. The relationships between D1 and surface roughness, D2 and pore structure were verified based on the comparison of SEM images. The fractal theory is reliable to describe the surface morphology and pore structure of oil shale and thus supports the application of microwave heating on the oil shale development.

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“…Since investigations conducted by Yang et al 46 showed that output power of 1000 W inevitably reduced the production of shale oil due to secondary reactions at high temperature, there are both advantages and disadvantages to applying high output power for the in situ exploitation of oil shale. The production and quality of shale oil and gas should also be considered at the same time.…”

Section: Potential Application Of Microwave Energy For the Exploitamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production and quality of shale oil and gas should also be considered at the same time. Since investigations conducted by Yang et al 46 showed that output power of 1000 W inevitably reduced the production of shale oil due to secondary reactions at high temperature, there are both advantages and disadvantages to applying high output power for the in situ exploitation of oil shale. Moreover, in order to upgrade microwave heating to an industrial scale, several potential challenges and difficulties including choosing optimal heating parameters, designing an industrial microwave generator and analyzing economic feasibility should also be overcome in the future.…”

Section: Potential Application Of Microwave Energy For the Exploitamentioning

confidence: 99%

The experimental study of microwave heating on the microstructure of oil shale samples

Zhu

Yang

Liu

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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The microstructure of oil shale plays a vital role in the seepage and production of shale oil and gas and can be modified by microwave irradiation. In this study, the experimental work aims to visualize and analyze the microstructure of oil shale under microwave heating with different heating parameters by traditional two‐dimensional (optical microscope and scanning electron microscope) and advanced three‐dimensional (micro‐CT) methods. Volumetric reconstructions of oil shale before and after microwave heating were completed to directly visualize the pore structure and fracture network of the samples. The similarities and differences between microwave heating and conventional heating were also investigated. Finally, based on the three‐dimensional CT data, the porosity and the degree of anisotropy of the samples were calculated. Traditional two‐dimensional imaging methods showed that microwave heating led to more pores and fractures due to the differential thermal stress caused by rapid heating, which differed from conventional heating. Porosity calculations based on the CT image data indicated that a long heating time and a high output power could lead to a large porosity value. Oil shale obtained by drilling horizontally into the bedding plane showed the largest porosity and lowest heterogeneity of pore distribution after heating and had a different fracture morphology. The results from this study are important for the exploitation of oil shale using microwave heating, and the application of these analytical techniques is useful for the evaluation of the flow behavior of transformation products.

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Experimental Investigation of the Transformation of Oil Shale with Fracturing Fluids under Microwave Heating in the Presence of Nanoparticles

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

Insights into the synergetic effect for co-pyrolysis of oil sands and biomass using microwave irradiation

Insights into the synergetic effect for co-pyrolysis of oil sands and biomass using microwave irradiation

Evaluation of different microwave heating parameters on the pore structure of oil shale samples

The experimental study of microwave heating on the microstructure of oil shale samples

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