Experimental investigation of the flame structure of dilute sprays issuing into a hot and low-oxygen coflow

Proud, Douglas B.; Evans, Michael J.; Medwell, Paul R.; Chan, Qing Nian

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111439

Cited by 10 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…To address the above issue, Proud et al 30,31 experimentally investigated the liftoff behaviors of the spray JHC flames of ethanol, n-heptane, and the bends of n-heptane and toluene in the system of Figure 1d with Y Od 2,c * = 3−11%. Figure 7 illustrates the flames by some photographs from Proud et al 30 Apparently, the n-heptane and ethanol flames were both lifted for Y Od 2,c * = 3% and attached with Y Od 2,c * = 7.5 and 11%. That is, as…”

Section: Open Jet Flame Of Liquid Fuel In Hot Oxidizer Coflowcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…37 In contrast, the latter three, shown in panels b−d of Figure 1, are basically similar, where the atomized fuel spray jets are surrounded by a hot and lowoxygen diluted coflow; the main difference is the way of ejecting liquid fuels, i.e., being atomized by an atomizer or an ultrasonic nebulizer. 30,31 With the experimental systems of Figure 1, the previous studies investigated the liftoff behavior, stabilization characteristics, and geometric structures of the JHC flames of prevaporized 32−34 and spray 27,28,30,31,34 liquid fuels. The related results are reviewed and summarized below.…”

Section: Open Jet Flame Of Liquid Fuel In Hot Oxidizer Coflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be noted that the observation of the unusual relationship was made from the experiments 33,34 at Y Od 2,c * = 3−6%, whereas the spray case of Y Od 2,c * = 6% was not studied in the experiments. 30,31 Therefore, it is improper to conclude whether an unusual trend in the liftoff behavior of the flame with very low Y Od 2,c * also exists for the spray case. In other words, further optical measurements are in demand to investigate the liftoff behaviors and the stabilization mechanism of the spray JHC flames under MILD conditions versus those under conventional conditions.…”

Section: Open Jet Flame Of Liquid Fuel In Hot Oxidizer Coflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate and Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution (MILD) Combustion of Liquid Fuels: A Review

Wang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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In the past 3 decades or so, the innovative combustion technologies associated with so-called “moderate and intense low-oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion” have been researched and developed to help mitigate greenhouse gases and harmful pollutants from burning fossil fuels. The MILD combustion is characterized by ultra-low emissions of nitric oxides (NO x ) and carbon monoxides, uniform temperature and large reaction zone, invisibility and silence, and broadly usable fuels. Currently, it has been successfully used in steel and metallurgy industries worldwide, offering a high thermal efficiency and ultra-low NO x emissions. It also has a high potential to apply in the power generation industries, such as gas turbines, most of which fire liquid fuels. However, this type of combustion for burning liquid fuels has not been well-understood, thus requiring further research and development (R&D). To facilitate the R&D, the present review is undertaken on the past progress made in research into the liquid fuel MILD combustion. Specifically, it summarizes the findings from the previous studies of both open fuel jet flames in hot coflow and enclosed furnace combustion of liquid fuels. Likewise, it analyzes the combustion characteristics of burning liquid fuels and evaluates the challenges in operating with different liquid fuel types. The review is concluded by suggesting some future research directions for the combustion itself, the computational fluid dynamics modeling, and the comprehensive design methods of its applications.

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Section: Open Jet Flame Of Liquid Fuel In Hot Oxidizer Coflowcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Jet Flame Of Liquid Fuel In Hot Oxidizer Coflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Open Jet Flame Of Liquid Fuel In Hot Oxidizer Coflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Moderate and Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution (MILD) Combustion of Liquid Fuels: A Review

Wang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…The presence of droplets in ethanol oxidation in the jet-in-hot-coflow configuration leads to a multistructured reaction zone with outer and inner regions, this latter due to vaporization of the fuel droplet and mixing of fuel and coflow which entrains along the lift-off height. In the inner reaction zone, fuel reacts in hot and rich conditions which leads to intermediate species that oxidize in the outer reaction zone.…”

Section: Bioderived Combustible Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of alcohols, the high volatility of the fuel coupled with increased radiative heat transfer produces droplet lifetimes of the same order of magnitude (few ms), with only a moderate increase, despite the lower temperatures, with respect to those of standard combustion processes. 124 The presence of droplets in ethanol oxidation in the jet-inhot-coflow configuration leads to a multistructured reaction zone with outer and inner regions, 134 this latter due to vaporization of the fuel droplet and mixing of fuel and coflow which entrains along the lift-off height. In the inner reaction zone, fuel reacts in hot and rich conditions which leads to intermediate species that oxidize in the outer reaction zone.…”

Section: Bioderived Combustible Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MILD Combustion and Biofuels: A Minireview

Sabia¹,

Sorrentino

Ariemma³

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Even in the presence of the formidable growth of renewable energy sources, advanced combustion processes have and will continue to have an irreplaceable role as a driving force for energy market. This is indeed motivated by the same huge amount of energy that can be conveniently stored in the form of energy carriers, made available from the renewable sources. The coupling of the appropriate combustion conversion technology with locally available biofuels certainly is among the most effective solutions, now on the table, to face the decarbonization challenge. In this framework, moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion is among the best candidates to support the transition toward the net zero emission target. Indeed, due to its inherent features, it is highly fuel flexible and efficient, allowing for the utilization of whatever energy carrier can be considered in the decarbonization strategy. It is also characterized by an inherent low or absent pollutant emission. The novelty of this minireview is to highlight the relevance of the kinetics involved in MILD combustion processes with particular focus on biofuels, identifying invariant temperatures, relevant for process stabilization for any energy carrier. A critical evaluation of advantages and drawbacks of the use of raw bioliquids in MILD combustion conditions is reported. Then, challenges, open questions, and future perspectives on the use of biofuel in MILD combustion are discussed.

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Dilute spray flames of ethanol and n-heptane in the transition to mild combustion

Proud

Evans

Chan

et al. 2022

Combustion and Flame

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Experimental investigation of the flame structure of dilute sprays issuing into a hot and low-oxygen coflow

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Moderate and Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution (MILD) Combustion of Liquid Fuels: A Review

Moderate and Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution (MILD) Combustion of Liquid Fuels: A Review

MILD Combustion and Biofuels: A Minireview

Dilute spray flames of ethanol and n-heptane in the transition to mild combustion

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