Experimental investigation of strength, stiffness and drift capacity of rubble stone masonry walls

Rezaie, Amir Hossein; Godio, Michele; Beyer, Katrin

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118972

Cited by 39 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The different values of θ E,i and β E,i are assigned for describing a prevailing flexural or shear response of the panel and can be differentiated in the case of spandrel and pier elements. The values assumed for the drifts and the corresponding strength decay are consistent with experimental data in the literature (Beyer and Dazio, 2012;Vanin et al 2017;Graziotti et al 2018;Rezaie et al 2020). Table 10 lists the main mechanical properties and the nonlinear parameters adopted in the numerical simulations, that have been derived from the aforementioned calibration process and sensitivity analyses carried out by Cattari and Lagomarsino (2013), Degli Abbati et al (2022), Brunelli et al (2021 and Cattari et al (2022a).…”

Section: Overview Of the Numerical Modelssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Experimental evidence on piers (e.g. Augenti et al 2011;Bosiljkov et al 2003;Petry and Beyer 2014;Kržan et al 2015;Vanin et al 2017;Rezaie et al 2020;Morandi et al 2018;Boschi et al 2019)) and spandrels (Gattesco et al 2008(Gattesco et al , 2016Parisi et al 2014;Calderoni et al 2011;Beyer and Dazio 2012;Knox 2012;Graziotti et al 2012) testified a quite pronounced softening phase in the case of diagonal cracking (much or less sudden depending on the masonry type), as well as a not so degrading response in the case of the flexural-compressive failure of piers. In the case of the flexuralcompressive failure, the degrading phase is associated with the crushing of the corner (in presence of high axial loads or low compressive strength of masonry) or to second order phenomena (for very high horizontal displacements, usually not attained in the seismic response of existing buildings).…”

Section: Criteria For Assigning the Damage At The Panel-scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the common approach proposed in the literature (as set in Vanin et al 2017;Morandi et al 2018;Rezaie et al 2020 based on a huge dataset of experimental tests) and codes (ASCE 2017;CEN 2004;MIT 2019), the transition from moderate to very severe damage levels is regulated in mechanical models by introducing proper drift thresholds. More specifically, in the aforementioned documents reference is usually made on specific conditions easily measurable from experimental tests (e.g.…”

Section: Criteria For Assigning the Damage At The Panel-scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale procedure to assign structural damage levels in masonry buildings from observed or numerically simulated seismic performance

Cattari

Angiolilli

2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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The damage level (DL) is a fundamental metric in earthquake engineering and is particularly effective for multiple purposes, such as correlating structural damage to consequences and losses (e.g. economic, casualties, etc.) as well as to physical and mechanical variables quantifiable from both experimental and numerical tests. Despite the relevance of the topic, the conversion of complex information on the damage spreading over a 3D building into a synthetic DL remains an open issue for which there are currently no agreed-upon scientific criteria in the literature. Within this context, the study focuses on unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings by providing an analytical multi-scale approach that integrates structural damage at the panel-scale and macro-element size (where the macro-element is intended as an assemblage of components, like vertical walls or diaphragms). The approach is specifically conceived to be applied consistently to both observed and numerically simulated damage. As a result, the method is particularly effective for supporting the validation of numerical models or synthetically interpreting the huge amount of results from nonlinear analyses as much as feasible using an objective basis. The paper proposes a comparison of DL interpretation arising from other approaches in the current literature, highlighting their pros and cons. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is then assessed using four URM case studies, all of which exhibited primarily a ‘box-like behaviour’. They were specifically chosen based on the extremely detailed documentation available for both the damage and geometric/mechanical features of the buildings as well as aiming to reduce the uncertainty in the seismic input, making them ideal candidates also for validation purposes. To this end, the applicability of the procedure also to the damage simulated by nonlinear dynamic analyses was proven by adopting equivalent frame models of the case studies, developed and calibrated in previous researches. Definitely, the results encourage the adoption of the proposed procedure to interpret as analytically as possible the real damage that occurred on URM building, when accurate damage observations from field surveys are available, as well as that coming from numerical simulations.

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Section: Overview Of the Numerical Modelssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Criteria For Assigning the Damage At The Panel-scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Criteria For Assigning the Damage At The Panel-scalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale procedure to assign structural damage levels in masonry buildings from observed or numerically simulated seismic performance

Cattari

Angiolilli

2022

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…Based on the above, the shear strength of mortar joints can be assumed as shown in Equation (5). The empirical formulas are obtained based on the experimental data of ordinary mortar (M and PM) in the present study as well as Wang's study, as given in Equation ( 6), and the shea strength for ECC specimens is given in Equation (7).…”

Section: Shear Strength Of Mortar Jointmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…By combining experimental and analytical approaches, as well as field investigations of earthquake damage to stone structures, it has been found that the mortar joint of a stone wall is the weakest zone under earthquake [1,2]. Despite past literature having developed different strengthening options of stone masonry joints [3][4][5][6][7][8], the seismic behavior has not yet been assessed. Due to the diversity of masonry technology, the complexity of mortar joint composition, and the difference in material properties, the seismic behavior of stone mortar joints is more complex than that of common masonry mortar joints [2,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Behavior of Stone Masonry Joints with ECC as a Filling Material

et al. 2021

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This paper investigates the seismic behavior of novel stone masonry joints using ductile engineered cementitious composite (ECC) as a substitute for ordinary mortar. Ten stone masonry joints with different types of mortar/ECC were tested under axial and cyclic loads. The filling materials of mortar joints tested included ordinary mortar, polymer mortar, ECC, and composite mortar with two combination proportions of ECC and ordinary mortar. The test results indicated that ECC specimens exhibited a more stable hysteretic response as well as an improvement in strength, deformation, energy dissipation, and strength degradation. The ECC mortar joints maintained integrity during the entire loading process due to the “self-confinement” effect of ECC. A partial substitution of mortar with ECC could provide effective reinforcement and confinement to prevent mortar failure and peeling, thereby allowing such specimens to approach the seismic performance of ECC specimens. Based on the trend of shear strength variations, a corresponding failure process is defined for ECC/mortar joints under cyclic and axial compressive loads, including four distinct stages: linear elastic, crack-developing stage, interface debonding, and friction sliding. New equations are proposed for predicting the shear strength and residual shear strength of the ECC/mortar joints on the basis of the test results, which are validated in the composite mortar specimens.

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Experimental Investigation on Size-Effect of Rubble Stone Masonry Walls Under In-Plane Horizontal Loading: Overview and Preliminary Results

Saloustros,

Beyer

2023

RILEM Bookseries

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Experimental investigation of strength, stiffness and drift capacity of rubble stone masonry walls

Cited by 39 publications

References 39 publications

Multiscale procedure to assign structural damage levels in masonry buildings from observed or numerically simulated seismic performance

Multiscale procedure to assign structural damage levels in masonry buildings from observed or numerically simulated seismic performance

Seismic Behavior of Stone Masonry Joints with ECC as a Filling Material

Experimental Investigation on Size-Effect of Rubble Stone Masonry Walls Under In-Plane Horizontal Loading: Overview and Preliminary Results

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