Experimental investigation of slope sediment resuspension characteristics and influencing factors beneath the internal solitary wave-breaking process

Tian, Zhuangcai; Guo, Xinglin; Qiao, Luzheng; Jia, Yangwen; Yu, Le

doi:10.1007/s10064-017-1161-x

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the present experiments, h 1 < h 2 , which led to the generation of depression ISWs. In some respects, these experiments were similar to those of Aghsaee and Boegman () and Tian et al (), who also generated internal solitary waves in the flume.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Our experiment and the field observations of Masunaga et al (2015) were both in transmissive regions (γ/α < 1), where the ISW energy is transmitted to the shore, and the energy propagates between the seafloor and the pycnocline. The sediments with lower sediment density and smaller median particle size should be easier to suspend (Aghsaee & Boegman, 2015;Reeder et al, 2011;Tian et al, 2017), and another experiment with sandy silt (which has a greater density and median particle size than clayey silt) showed less than half SSC than the present experiment (Figure 7). At same time, the larger energy or amplitude of the ISW induced a larger velocity and promoted resuspension (Aghsaee & Boegman, 2015;Reeder et al, 2011;Tian et al, 2017).…”

Section: 1029/2018jc014721contrasting

confidence: 51%

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Bottom and Intermediate Nepheloid Layer Induced by Shoaling Internal Solitary Waves: Impacts of the Angle of the Wave Group Velocity Vector and Slope Gradients

et al. 2019

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The widely recognized global phenomena of bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) and intermediate nepheloid layer (INL) are ubiquitous in the ocean. These phenomena are induced by shoaling internal solitary waves (ISWs), as observed in many studies. In this study, we analyzed the BNLs and INLs induced by shoaling ISWs and their detailed processes using flume experiments and field observations. ISWs suspended seabed sediment by the horizontal velocity in the vortex, and the near‐bottom vertical velocity lifted sediment into the water column to create a BNL, which detached from the slope and diffused along the isopycnals, forming more than one INL. Considering the results of previous researchers, we found that the numbers of BNLs and INLs were principally determined by the relationship between the angle of the ISW group velocity vector (α) relative to horizontal and the slope gradients (γ). In transmissive regions (γ/α < 1), one BNL and more than one INL were formed. In critical regions (γ/α~1), only one BNL and less than one INL were observed. In reflective regions (γ/α > 1), less than one BNL was formed and no INL. The BNL in the critical regions should be the thickest where the sediment resuspension was the greatest. The concentrations and thicknesses of BNLs and INLs were related to the energy and amplitude of ISW and the sediment condition. The results in the transmissive regions were proved by field observation. Our research will help to predict the number and magnitude of transport channels formed by shoaling ISWs from the ocean margin to the ocean interior.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: 1029/2018jc014721contrasting

confidence: 51%

Bottom and Intermediate Nepheloid Layer Induced by Shoaling Internal Solitary Waves: Impacts of the Angle of the Wave Group Velocity Vector and Slope Gradients

et al. 2019

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“…ISWs can cause sediment resuspension and transport in the shoaling process 7–10 , and large-scale suspension can erode seafloor sediments and form marine nepheloid layers 6,11–13 . Moreover, ISWs can even shape the slope morphology and affect the sedimentary landscape of the seabed 3,4,14–16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep-sea Sediment Resuspension by Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea

Jia

Tian

Shi

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Internal solitary waves (ISWs) can cause strong vertical and horizontal currents and turbulent mixing in the ocean. These processes affect sediment and pollutant transport, acoustic transmissions and man-made structures in the shallow and deep oceans. Previous studies of the role of ISWs in suspending seafloor sediments and forming marine nepheloid layers were mainly conducted in shallow-water environments. In summer 2017, we observed at least four thick (70–140 m) benthic nepheloid layers (BNLs) at water depths between 956 and 1545 m over continental slopes in the northern South China Sea. We found there was a good correlation between the timing of the ISW packet and variations of the deepwater suspended sediment concentration (SSC). At a depth of 956 m, when the ISW arrived, the near-bottom SSC rapidly increased by two orders of magnitude to 0.62 mg/l at 8 m above the bottom. At two much deeper stations, the ISW-induced horizontal velocity reached 59.6–79.3 cm/s, which was one order of magnitude more than the seafloor contour currents velocity. The SSC, 10 m above the sea floor, rapidly increased to 0.10 mg/l (depth of 1545 m) and 1.25 mg/l (depth of 1252 m). In this study, we found that ISWs could suspend much more sediments on deepwater areas than previously thought. Specifically, we estimated that ISWs could induce and suspend 787 Mt/yr of sediment from shelf to deep-sea areas of the northern South China Sea. The total amount of sediment resuspended by shoaling ISWs was 2.7 times that of river-derived sediment reaching the northern South China Sea. This accounted for 6.1% of the global river-discharged sediment (16.4% of that from Asian rivers) transported to the sea.

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“…The shoaling of ISWs upon sloping in oceans plays an important role in controlling the stratification and vertical distribution of biogeochemical matter in the water column [8][9][10]. In particular, the interaction between ISWs and the seabed is considered an important factor that promotes sediment suspension on the seabed and instability [11,12]. Meanwhile, strong ISW-induced shear flow during the shoaling process is a non-negligible threat to offshore engineering structures, such as oil drilling rigs, marine risers, and subsea pipelines [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation for the Evolution of Internal Solitary Waves Propagating over Slope Topography

Zou

et al. 2021

JMSE

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In this study, the propagation and evolution characteristics of internal solitary waves on slope topography in stratified fluids were investigated. A numerical model of internal solitary wave propagation based on the nonlinear potential flow theory using the multi-domain boundary element method was developed and validated. The numerical model was used to calculate the propagation process of internal solitary waves on the topography with different slope parameters, including height and angle, and the influence of slope parameters, initial amplitude, and densities jump of two-layer fluid on the evolution of internal solitary waves is discussed. It was found that the wave amplitude first increased while climbing the slope and then decreased after passing over the slope shoulder based on the calculation results, and the wave amplitude reached a maximum at the shoulder of the slope. A larger height and angle of the slope can induce larger maximum wave amplitude and more obvious tail wave characteristics. The wave amplitude gradually decreased, and a periodic tail wave was generated when propagating on the plateau after passing the slope. Both frequency and height of the tail wave were affected by the geometric parameters of the slope bottom; however, the initial amplitude of the internal solitary wave only affects the tail wave height, but not the frequency of the tail wave.

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Experimental investigation of slope sediment resuspension characteristics and influencing factors beneath the internal solitary wave-breaking process

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Bottom and Intermediate Nepheloid Layer Induced by Shoaling Internal Solitary Waves: Impacts of the Angle of the Wave Group Velocity Vector and Slope Gradients

Bottom and Intermediate Nepheloid Layer Induced by Shoaling Internal Solitary Waves: Impacts of the Angle of the Wave Group Velocity Vector and Slope Gradients

Deep-sea Sediment Resuspension by Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea

Numerical Simulation for the Evolution of Internal Solitary Waves Propagating over Slope Topography

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