Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel Quenched in Al2O3/Water Nanofluid

Baskaran, M.; Raja, Shivpuri; Devi, R. Ganga

doi:10.5958/2249-7315.2016.01321.6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Nanofluids are engineering fluids with a suspension of nanoparticles (NPs) [with sizes typically in the order-ofmagnitude of O(1−100 nm) or submicron] into a base fluid, typically water or oil, aiming at enhanced thermal properties. 1−5 The investigation of nanofluid droplet impact onto the heated surface is of significant relevance across a wide spectrum of applications, 6 for instance, inkjet printing, 7−13 spray cooling, 14−17 quenching, 18 and machining processes. 19 Compared to typical non-colloidal droplets, nanofluid droplets exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofluid Drop Impact on Heated Surfaces

Ma,

Aldhaleai,

Liu

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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We experimentally elucidate the impact dynamics of ethylene glycol (EG) droplets laden with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic SiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) onto a flat heated surface in non-boiling, boiling, and Leidenfrost regimes. We use seven nanofluid concentrations (C p ), ranging from 0.89 to 64.3 wt %, and control the surface temperature (T s ) between 100 and 400 °C, while the nanofluid droplet's impact velocity is constant at 0.22 ± 0.02 m/s. Phase diagrams of impact outcomes are established to illustrate the effect of the additive nanoparticles on the droplets' impact dynamics, revealing that nanoparticles modify droplet impact behaviors differently in each regime. In the non-boiling regime, the droplet spreading profile remains unaffected by nanoparticles up to C p < 11.9 wt % before reaching the maximum spreading diameter (β max ). For nanofluid drops with higher nanofluid concentration, the increasing viscosity with concentration is likely to be the primary factor that affects the droplets' spreading profile in the non-boiling regime T s ≲ T sat ≈ 200 °C, as the saturation temperature. In the boiling regime 200 °C < T s ≲ 350 °C, a small amount of nanoparticle addition (C p = 0.89 wt %) promotes atomization regardless of nanoparticle wettability. Finally, manifested in a complete rebound due to an intervening vapor layer, the Leidenfrost temperature (T L ) of the nanofluid droplets is affected by both nanofluid concentration and nanoparticles' wettability. The nanofluid droplets' T L increases with higher nanofluid concentration; moreover, this Leidenfrost temperature increment is more significant for EG droplets laden with hydrophobic nanoparticles. Our results quantitatively reveal the significant influence of nanoparticle concentrations and wettability on drop spreading, impact outcome, and Leidenfrost temperature on heat surfaces, potentially benefiting applications in coating, spraying, and cooling.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanofluid Drop Impact on Heated Surfaces

Ma,

Aldhaleai,

Liu

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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“…This effect is characterized by violent bubble formation as the heat is rapidly removed from the metal due to the maximum heat transfer. Here the quenching medium plays an important role to conduct the heat (Baskaran et al, 2016). One of the technical challenges of quenching as a heat treatment process is to select a quenchant medium that could minimize or eliminate these side effects while at the same time provide an interface for heat to be transfer from the work piece to the medium in order to produce the desired properties (Chaves, 2001;Herring, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Steel Hardness Using Nanofluids Quenchants

Hussein¹,

Abbas²,

Hassan³

2021

Kufa J. Eng.

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The goal of this study is to specify the optimal factors for the hardening process (tempering temperature, the percentage of nanoparticles, type of base media, nanoparticles type and tempering time) in order to maximize the hardness of medium carbon steel by using Taguchi technique. An (L18) orthogonal array was chosen for the design of the experiment. The optimum process parameters were determined by using signal-to-noise ratio(larger is better) criterion. The important levels of process parameters on hardness were obtained by using analysis of variance which applied with the help of (Minitab17) software to investigate the effect of parameters on the hardness. Percentage of volumetric fractions of nanoparticles with three different levels (0.01, 0.03 and 0.08%) was prepared by dispersing nanoparticles that are (α-Al2O3, TiO2 and Cuo) with base fluids (De-ionized water, salt solution, and engine oil). Medium carbon steel specimens were suffered to hardening and tempering heat treatment process. Tempering temperature was (400℃, 550℃) for (30,45and 60 minutes). Results ended up with a conclusion that tempering temperature (400℃) had the major influence on hardness behavior then type of nanoparticles (TiO2) followed by time tempering (30min) then base media (salt solution) and finally volume fraction of nanoparticles (0.03%).

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Experimental Investigation of Application Taguchi Method to Optimize Heat Treatment Parameters Using Nanofluids of AISI 52100 Steel

Hasan

Al-Aaraji

2023

MSF

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The present work describes a heat treatment procedure using nanofluids as quenchants for (AISI 52100 Steel) via the Taguchi method to optimize process parameters. The nanofluids have been prepared from nanoparticles (SiO2, SiC and Fe2O3) and base media consist of distilled water, toluene and ethylene glycol of volume concentrations of 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 %. The present investigation considers hardness and wear rate as optimization criteria. The experimental variables that were selected for this study are: (austenitizing and tempering temperature), (type and volume fraction of nanoparticles) and (base media). They represent significant factors that influence on these optimization criteria. (AL18 orthogonal array), (analysis of variances (ANOVA)) and (signal/noise ratio (S/N)) were applied by means of (Minitab 18) software to examine the performance characteristics of the process parameters. The analysis of (S/N) ratio shows that the most significant parameters that give the optimum heat treatment conditions for hardness of the examined steel (AISI 52100) are: (austenitizing temperature of 800°C), (distilled water as a type of base media) and (tempering temperature of 180°C), in addition to (Fe2O3 as a nanoparticles type) and finally (nanoparticles volume fraction of 0.06%). In contrast, for the wear rate, they were: (austenitizing temperature of 800°C), type of base media (distilled water), tempering temperature of (180°C), and volume fraction of nanoparticles (0.06%) tempering. Finally, nanoparticles type (Fe2O3) is the most significant parameter for hardness and wear rate. ANOVA, exhibited that the austenitizing temperature has major effect on producing high values of hardness and wear rate for the AISI 52100 Steel.

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Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Mild Steel Quenched in Al2O3/Water Nanofluid

Cited by 3 publications

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Nanofluid Drop Impact on Heated Surfaces

Nanofluid Drop Impact on Heated Surfaces

Optimization of Steel Hardness Using Nanofluids Quenchants

Experimental Investigation of Application Taguchi Method to Optimize Heat Treatment Parameters Using Nanofluids of AISI 52100 Steel

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