Experimental investigation of laminar LPG–H2 jet diffusion flame

The impact of hydrogen enrichment and bluff-body lip thickness on characteristics of blended propane/hydrogen bluff-body stabilized turbulent diffusion flames

“…This trivial variation of flame length for hydrogen volume fractions less than 90% is ascribed to the insignificant contribution of hydrogen in the total mass fraction of blended fuel which is less than 10%. This is in-line with the experimental observations of Kumar and Mishra [36] which reported that hydrogen addition up to 20% to LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) fuel does not exhibit any change on the flame length. Setting the molar fraction of H 2 in the blended fuel to 90% led to significant changes in the structure of the flame which culminated in augmented flame length.…”

Numerical Study of the Effects of Oxygen Concentration and Fuel Jet Velocity on Thermal Radiation in Methane and Propane Turbulent Diffusion Flames

“…In all flames, the overall radiation heat loss (proportional to the area under the profile) significantly increased with increasing oxygen concentrations from 0.21 to 0.4 m 3 /m 3 (21 to 40 vol%); however, it only slightly increased at higher oxygen concentrations (0.4–0.7 m 3 /m 3 ; 40–70 vol%). In the present study, the radiant fraction was defined as the ratio of the radiative heat loss to the fuel input power . Figure shows variations of the radiant fraction with different oxygen concentrations in terms of the fuel jet velocity for methane and propane flames.…”

“…The soot absorption coefficient contributes to the peak location of the total absorption coefficient, especially in propane flames, in which the peak heat flux is located close to the peak absorption coefficient. Soot radiation constitutes an important part of the total flame radiation in luminous flames [1,52] and has a stronger contribution to radiation heat in propane flames. [15] Figure 10 shows the radiative heat flux profiles for methane and propane flames at the same input power (P ¼ 22 kW) under different oxygen concentrations.…”

An experimental study of the stability of natural gas and propane turbulent non-premixed flame under diluting condition

“…They diluted methane with ammonia (NH 3 ) and observed that NO 2 emission level diminished up to 50% in confined use of ammonia. Also, Kumar et al [14] observed a decrease in NO x emission level with adding H 2 into fuel stream. This was ascribed to the enhanced diffusivity which led to a decrease in residence time of gases.…”