Experimental investigation of high velocity ice impacts on woven carbon/epoxy composite panels

High velocity impact on NCF reinforced composites

“…The model assumes a spherical shape of the impacting body in the contact zone. In contrast, the empirical method developed by Kim et al [5] has been demonstrated to provide an efficient method for damage resistance analysis of NCF composite laminates forecasted for high velocity ice impact. …”

“…Kim, Welch and Kedward [5] evaluated the severity of a composite plate ice impact using a different approach, a semi-empirical method. In their approach they impacted a number of composite plates using ice spheres with different diameter onto composite plates with different thickness.…”

“…The threshold level, which relates to delamination formation, will have to be experimentally confirmed for different material systems but has the potential, according to Kim, Welch and Kedward [5], to reduce the amount of experimental work otherwise necessary to quantify the damage resistance of a composite material system to ice impact.…”

“…Incorporating the ice impact results in the present work of the NCF composite material using the graph according to Kim, Welch and Kedward [5], the method shows definite potential for use in design for ice impact damage resistance. The result is illustrated in …”

“…Kim and co-workers [5,6] have addressed the ice impact event and developed a semi-empirical approach to the problem. These types of simple and easily accessible engineering models [1][2][3][4][5][6] are required in the design phase as a complement to the more detailed and cumbersome analyses using numerical approaches. The most promising numerical procedures employ soft particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to model the behaviour of the ice at impact [7].…”